從成功老化觀點探討未來居住空間與家具

Discussion of Future Living Space and Furniture Based on the Successful Aging

劉貝渝(Pei-Yu Liu)

指導教授 ： 陳殿禮

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/創新設計研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00294

摘要

高齡化問題逐漸深入現今日常生活的每個角落，近年全世界老年人口比率逐年攀升，然而科技化的到來，會使得未來生活發生什麼樣的改變？科技是否能協助解決老化問題？日常生活中最熟悉的環境莫過於「家」，成功老化的概念，即是讓人在無障礙之環境下老化，不會因為老化問題，造成生活困難。因此，如何讓居住空間及家具與人親近，即是本研究重要之課題。在此，本研究首先透過內容分析法做文獻彙整，其次，分析居家需求調查有效問卷139份，瞭解25~64歲現代人的居家生活需求，再透過焦點團體法討論及分析，最後運用情境分析法描繪可能的未來居住空間與家具樣貌。
研究結果得知，居家需求調查呈現，男性對3C產品需求較高；女性對肌膚保養需求較高。25~34歲、35~44歲即45~54歲對3C產品需求較高；35~44歲及45~54歲對使用電視需求較高；35~44歲、45~54歲及55~64歲對使用廚具需求較高。學生、上班及家庭主婦/夫族群對3C產品的需求較高；上班、家庭主婦/夫、退休族群對睡眠及使用廚具需求較高。未婚族群對3C產品需求較高；已婚無小孩及有小孩族群對使用廚具的需求較高。空間的使用習慣部份，55~64歲仍以餐廳為主要用餐空間，25~45歲則以客廳為主；四個年齡層對桌上型電腦的空間皆有所不同，有臥室、書房及客廳；25~34歲習慣在臥室使用使用3C產品、閱讀及做保健運動，而35~64歲則習慣於客廳中。從以上結果中，可發現年輕族群受科技化產品影響甚大，而科技產品在各空間的使用彈性較高，另外，科技化的影響也逐漸蔓延到現今的中高齡者，因此空間的使用應朝彈性化的方向做規劃。
居住空間與家具的規劃中，本研究以個人基本空間為規劃原則，以需求間使用率最高及較大型無法再做收納動作的家具為主，讓空間的使用更為便利及親人，讓家具不再是被動的，而是適應使用者變化的智慧家具。本研究將居住空間與家具一併規劃，以智慧家具作為空間規劃的主軸，家具從被動變為主動，提出「家具就人」的概念。
本研究將居住空間與智慧家具結合，用以適應使用者不同的居家需求，其包含三個基本空間，分別為彈性空間、浴廁空間與廚房空間，彈性空間中的家具多規劃為收納式家具，讓空間的使用變得更多元。本研究以老化的三個層次：健康狀態、障礙狀態及臥病狀態，作為未來居家樣貌的呈現。健康狀態：整合3D定位系統的智慧家具，主動適應使用者的需求，讓空間及家具與使用者零距離；障礙狀態：居住空間中已有的沙發變成為使用者移動時需要的輪椅，讓家中不會因為輪椅的出現，造成空間的擁擠；臥病狀態：在預留的空間中，提供看護的床舖，讓居住空間除了提供個人的便利外，更輕鬆的轉換成看護方便使用的空間。

關鍵字

老化 ； 居家需求 ； 未來的居住空間 ； 家具

並列摘要

Aging problem has gone deep into every corners of modern life. In recent years, the proportion of elder population rises rapidly. However, the technology revolution also arises. How much does technology change our daily lives? Can technology solve the aging problem? The most familiar environment in daily life is “Home”. The concept of “Successful Aging” is human can age in the barrier-free environment. As a result, how can we make close relationship with living environment and furniture is the main topics of this research. We use content analysis as a method to compile literature. Then we analyze 139 pieces of valid questionnaires to find out what do people (age from 25 to 64) need in home life. After that, we use focus group method for discussion and analysis. Finally we use Scenario Analysis to draw the possible looks of future living environment and furniture.
According to the analysis of living needs questionnaires for people age from 25 to 64. We can tell: The demand of 3C products for male is higher than female. The demand of skin caring for female is higher than male. The groups of people who age from 25 to 34, 35 to 44 and 45 to 54 have high demands to 3C products. The groups of people who age from 35 to 44 and 45 to 54 have high demands to television. The groups of people who age from 35 to 44, 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 have high demands to use of kitchen. Students, workers and housewives/husbands have high demand to 3C products. Workers, housewives/husbands and retired population has high demand to sleeping and use of kitchen. Unmarried population has high demand to 3C products. Married population has high demand to use of kitchen.
In the aspect of space usage, we can tell: The groups of people who age from 55 to 64 still use dining room as main space in meal time. The groups of people who age from 25 to 45 use living room as main space in meal time. All people has different prefer space when they use desktop computers. The groups of people who age from 25 to 34 use to using 3C products, reading and exercise in bed rooms. The groups of people who age from 35 to 64 use to using 3C products, reading and exercise in living room. From these analyses, we can find that technology products have great effect on young people and the affection also spread into elder people. As a result, the usages of space have to become more elastic.
Our space plan focuses on personal usage. We put unmovable main furniture first, the other furniture are stored in main furniture. We propose the concept of “furniture to a person” and combine space and intelligent furniture which makes it from passive to active. Living environment combines three basic spaces: elastic space, bath space and kitchen space. To use healthy state, disable state and sick state to present future living environment. Healthy state: intelligent furniture actively adapts user needs. Disable state: Sofa becomes wheelchair. Sick state: Nursing environment in preserved space.

並列關鍵字

Aging ； Living Requirement ； Living Space in Future ； Furniture

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