背景: 身體意像為自我認定發展一個重要構成因素,也是青少年適應青春期變化重要發展任務之一。青少年身體意像觀念和個人健康概念對一般健康行為是否會有影響,青少年是否會因為個人身體意像觀念而影響對健康知識、態度、行為、狀態,彼此之間的關聯性很值得探討。 研究目的: 調查國中生人口學變項、身體意像、一般健康行為與口腔保健、知識、態度行為關係,探討影響國中生口腔保健行為重要因素。 研究方法: 研究對象:高雄市某一國中1-3年級學生(不包含體育班)為樣本,調查日期98年9月。問卷填寫1918人,有效問卷1894份,回收率96%。 研究工具:結構式問卷,內容:社會人口學資料,身體意像看法(MBSRQ施測),一般健康行為,口腔保健行為。 資料處理分析利用SPSS14.0版套裝軟體進行,採用統計方法:描述性統計、卡方檢定、Student-t檢定、單因子變異數(ANOVA)分析、相關係數、線性迴歸分析、對數迴歸分析。 結果: 性別、年級對身體各部位有顯著性差異。性別、年級和個人刷牙 習慣、動機、身體意象、一般健康行為有顯著性相關;家庭社經地位、 學業成績和個人刷牙習慣、身體意象、一般健康行為有顯著性相關。 男生在避免裝假牙這項刷牙動機人數高於女生,女生是使牙齒看 起來好看和使牙齒看起來乾淨這二項刷牙動機人數高於男生。 口腔保健知識會受到身體意象影響;口腔保健態度會受到一般健 康行為影響。和個人口腔保健知識分數有相關的原因:年級、母親教 育、學業成績、身體意象中的外表取向、對身體各部位滿意度。和個 人口腔保健態度分數有相關的原因:性別、學業成績、一般健康行為、口腔保健知識。 複迴歸分析發現,女生口腔保健知識分數比男生高。年級、母親 教育程度、家庭收入越高,學生口腔保健知識分數越高;健康評價、 健康取向、口腔保健知識分數越高,口腔保健態度分數越高。 影響刷牙習慣之重要因素:年級、家庭收入、外表取向、健康取向、牙齒滿意度。女生刷牙習慣是是男生的1.01倍(95%CI=0.74-1.27),三年級是一年級的0.75倍(95%CI=0.55-1.03),二年級是一年級的0.61倍(95%CI=0.44-0.84),家庭收入>50000元以上者刷牙習慣是<49999元者的1.46倍(95%CI=1.10-1.78),外表取向分數>34是分數≦34的1.36倍(95%CI=1.04-1.77),健康取向分數>26是分數≦26的1.55倍(95%CI=1.18-2.02),牙齒滿意度分數>3是分數≦2的0.71倍(95%CI=0.54-0.94)。 結論: 男生對於自我形象比較滿意且比較有自信,女生比較注意自己外 表和擔心自己體重過重。女生比較滿意自己健康狀況也比較有意願去 執行對自己健康有益的生活方式。男生比女生務實,女生因為外表形 象因素的刷牙動機強於男生。女生的口腔保健知識、態度比男生好。 年級越高,刷牙次數就越少,故年級可以做為刷牙習慣預測指 標。家庭收入較佳者,比較重視刷牙習慣,越重視自己健康者,刷牙 習慣越好,學生不會因為滿意自己牙齒而增加刷牙次數。 身體意象與一般健康行為的確會影響國中生的口腔保健知識、態度、行為,故若要養成學生良好的口腔保健習慣,可以從青少年的性別、年級、身體意象、一般健康行為特性不同著手。
Background Body image is an important factor in teenagers’ adjustment to adolescence. How body image and personal views of health may affect general health behavior and the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of oral hygiene are worthy of research. Objectives The purpose of our study was to examine the correlation between body image and oral health among junior high school students. In this study, we also tried to find the important factors affecting oral hygiene behavior in junior high school students. Methods The samples are seventh to ninth grade students who study in one junior high school in Kaohsiung City. All the questionnaires were collected in September, 2009. There were 1,918 qualified subjects and 1,894 completed questionnaires collected (the response rate was 96%). The information about basic demographic data, body image (by the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, MBSRQ), general health behavior and oral hygiene behavior were collected. We processed and analyzed the data by SPSS 14.0 statistical software. The statistical methods used in the study were descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Student-t test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Results Gender and grade are significant factors on body parts, and also have an effect on personal tooth-brushing habits, motive, body image, and general health behavior. Family socioeconomic status and academic performance in school have a significant effect on personal tooth brushing habits, body image and general health behaviors. Boys have stronger motivation than girls to avoid dentures. On the other hand, girls have stronger motivation than boys to make their teeth look nice and cleaner. The knowledge of oral health is affected by body image. The attitude of oral health is affected by general health behavior. The scores of oral health knowledge are related as follows: grade, teaching by their mothers, academic performance, appearance orientation, and satisfaction of their own bodies. The scores of oral health attitude are related to gender, academic performance, general health behavior, and the knowledge of oral health. The results of Multiple Regression Analysis show that: the oral health knowledge in girl students is higher than in boys. The students’ grade, mothers’ educational level, and family income are significant factors of oral health knowledge. The scores of health evaluation, health orientation, and oral hygiene knowledge are significant factors of oral health attitude. The important factors which affect tooth-brushing habits are grade, family income, appearance orientation, health orientation, and satisfaction of teeth. A lower proportion of ninth -year students have better tooth-brushing habits than seventh- year students (OR=0.75(1.18-2.02)) and the eighth- year are 0.61 times more than the seventh- year students (OR=0.61(0.44 -0.84)). The students with family income above NT$ 50,000 are more likely to have better tooth-brushing habits than those with a family income less than NT$ 49,999 (OR=1.46(1.10-1.78)). The participants with higher scores in appearance orientation tended to have better tooth-brushing habits than the ones with lower scores (>34VS<=34, OR=1.36(1.04-1.77)). The participants with better health orientation are more likely to have good tooth-brushing habits, and the OR is 1.55(1.18-2.02). The participants with higher dental satisfaction, the score over 3 is 0.71 times the number of the ones beneath 2 (95% CI = .54-.94). Conclusion Male students are more satisfied and have more self-confidence in self image. Female students pay more attention to their appearance and worry about their weight. Females feel more satisfied with their health and have stronger motivation to have a healthy life. Males are more rational, and females have stronger motivation of brushing due to appearance. Females have better knowledge in oral hygiene and are more positive to keep their oral health. When the grade is higher, the tooth-brushing times arefewer, so the grade could be regarded as a predictor for brushing habits. Students whose family income is higher pay more attention to their tooth-brushing habits. The more attention they pay, the better habits they will have. Students do not increase the brushing times due to satisfaction of teeth. Body image and general health behavior are sure to affect students’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior of oral hygiene. Therefore, if we want students to form good habits of oral hygiene, we can start from the different characteristics of gender, grade, body image, and general health behavior.
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