應用計畫行為理論探討吸菸青少年戒菸意圖及其影響因素-以南部某專科學校為例

The Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understanding Factors Associated with Intention to Quit Smoking Among Adolescents’Smokers :A Junior College in Southern Taiwan

王郁雯(Yu-Wen Wang)

指導教授 ： 黃曉靈

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2010.00133

摘要

背景：2004-2005年全球青少年菸草調查指出，職業學校抽菸流行率15.9 %較一般高中學校10.1 %高；職業學校女生的抽菸率11.1 %較一般高中女生4.6 %高，且均高於成人女性的吸菸率4.3 %。專科學校學生年齡層與高中、職學校相仿，性質傾向高職學校，且本研究樣本大部分為未來醫護人員。

目的：本研究主要應用計畫行為理論模式探討戒菸態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制對預測吸菸青少年戒菸意圖之現況及預測力。

研究方法：本研究採橫斷式研究設計，以高雄縣某醫護管理專科學校97-98學年度16-18歲在學學生為研究對象，採分層隨機抽樣，自行填答的方式進行問卷調查，共發出953份問卷，回收799份，問卷回收率83.84 %；扣除基本資料不完整、漏答嚴重、從未吸菸及曾經吸菸者之問卷，其中有203名吸菸者，為本研究主要之研究樣本。所得資料以皮爾森積差相關、階層複迴歸進行考驗。

研究結果：本研究結果發現，戒菸態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制與戒菸意圖呈正相關；戒菸的行為信念、結果評價的乘積和與態度呈負相關（r=-0.17），規範信念、依從動機的乘積和與主觀規範呈正相關（r=0.52），控制信念、知覺強度的乘積和與知覺行為控制呈負相關（r=-0.20）。戒菸態度、主觀規範及知覺行為控制能有效預測戒菸意圖（R2=11.7 %,p＜.001），其中以知覺行為控制影響最大。階層複迴歸分析結果，同住家人吸菸情形、買菸的花費、戒菸經驗對戒菸意圖之整體解釋力達15.2 %；加入知覺行為控制變項可以有效解釋吸菸青少年戒菸意圖之整體解釋力達23.7%，有統計上顯著差異（F（8,194）=7.546,p＜.001）。

結論：在考慮社會人口學因素、吸菸狀況、戒菸經驗及理性行為理論後，知覺行為控制仍然有效地解釋吸菸青少年的戒菸意圖。因此，可加強個人對阻礙戒菸環境的操控能力，以提高戒菸意圖。

關鍵詞：青少年、戒菸意圖、計畫行為理論

關鍵字

青少年 ； 戒菸意圖 ； 計畫行為理論

並列摘要

Background: The Global Youth Tobacco Survey（GYTS） in 2004-2005 point that the vocational school smoking prevalence higher than general senior high school (15.9＞10.1). Smoking prevalence of girls in vocational school and general senior high school was almost higher than adult females' smoking rate. In this study, age level of students is similar with vocational and general senior high school.

Objectives: To explain the correlation between adolescents' intention to quit smoking and attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control, applying principal components of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 smoked students in a junior college in southern Taiwan, in 2009. Self-report questionnaires were given to junior college students. In total, 799 schoolchildren aged 16-18 responded. Pearson correlation and linear regression model were used to analyze the association between intention to quit smoking and TPB components.

Results: The results of this study found that attitude, subjective norm perceived behavior control were positive significant correlated to students' intention to quit smoking. The respondents' attitudes were negative correlated with the sum of the products of behavioral belief multiplied by outcome evaluation （r=-0.17）, and perceived behavior control was correlated with control belief multiplied by power（r=-0.20）. The respondents' subjective norm were positively correlated with the sum of the products of normative belief multiplied by motivateion to comply （r=0.52）.Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the best predictors for intention to quit smoking were perceived behavior control with 23.7 % of total variance explained (p<.01). Moreover, smoking status and quitting experiences could also explained 15.2 % of the total variance in individual intention to quit smoking.

Conclusions:In the consideration of social demographic factors, smoking status, smoking experiences and the theory of reasoned action, perceived behavior control is still valid to explain the intention to quit smoking among adolescent smokers. Therefore, to enhance personal control ability of the to impede cessation environment to improve the quit smoking intention.

並列關鍵字

adolescence ； quit smoking intention ； Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

參考文獻

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