精神病人主要照顧者照顧負荷、智謀與憂鬱程度之相關性探討

Caregiver burden, resourcefulness and depression level in caregivers of patients with mental illness

許素雯(Shu-Wen Hsu)

指導教授 ： 賴倩瑜

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00126

摘要

本研究旨在探討精神病人主要照顧者照顧負荷、智謀與憂鬱程度之相關性。本研究為橫斷性研究設計，採方便性取樣(Convenience Sampling)，以南部一家醫學中心精神科及一家精神專科醫院之門診、日間病房、社區復健中心、康復之家精神病人之主要照顧者為研究對象共100人，使用結構式問卷進行相關資料收集。研究工具包括:「主要照顧者人口學特性」、「照顧負荷量表」、「智謀量表」及「台灣人憂鬱量表」四部分。以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關係數及線性複迴歸分析等進行統計分析。
研究結果顯示：1.精神病人主要照顧者之整體照顧負荷達中度程度(M=26.30, SD=10.66)，且有81%的主要照顧達中度以上的負荷。2.智謀程度亦屬中等程度(M=96.67, SD=15.85)。3.憂鬱程度並不高(M=11.56, SD=10.98)，其中有明顯憂鬱傾向者有22位(22%)，表示超過1/5的主要照顧者已明顯有憂鬱症狀。4.照顧負荷與憂鬱呈顯著正相關(r=.581, p<.001)。5.智謀程度與憂鬱程度呈現顯著負相關(r=-.266, p<.001)。6.智謀程度與照顧負荷則未呈現顯著相關。7.照顧負荷與智謀程度皆為憂鬱之顯著預測因子，其總解釋變異量為32.7%。
本研究結果可以協助護理人員了解精神病人主要照顧者之照顧負荷與智謀程度對憂鬱之影響性，護理人員可以提供主要照顧者減輕照顧負荷及發展智謀能力之支持性團體及訓練課程，應用個人內外在的資源來調適照顧負荷，減少憂鬱程度，以維持身心健康的平衡。

關鍵字

精神病人 ； 主要照顧者 ； 照顧負荷 ； 智謀 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among caregiver burden, resourcefulness and depression levels in caregivers of patients with mental illness. A cross-sectional research design with convenience sampling was used to recruit caregivers of patients with mental illness from a psychiatric department of one medical center and one psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. Totally, 100 subjects were successfully recruited into this study. Four structured questionnaires such as personal demographic questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Scale, Resourcefulness Scale, and Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire were used to collect caregivers’ personal information, caregiver burden, resourcefulness and depression levels. The statistical methods used in this study were as follows: descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression.
The study findings were shown as follows: 1. Caregivers of patients with mental illness had moderate levels of caregiver burden (M=26.30, SD=10.66). 81% of caregivers reached the moderate levels of caregiver burden. 2. Their resourcefulness level was medium degree (M=96.67, SD=15.85). 3. The depression levels of these caregivers were not as high as respected (M=11.56, SD=10.98), however, 22% of the caregivers had depressive tendency with obvious depressive symptoms. 4. The caregiver burden was significantly and positively correlated with the depression levels (r=.581, p<.001). 5. Resourcefulness levels was significantly and negatively correlated with the depression levels (r=-.266, p<.001). 6. Resourcefulness was not significantly correlated with the caregiver burden. 7. The caregiver burden and resourcefulness were significant predictors of depression levels; both variables (caregiver burden and resourcefulness) accounted for 32.7% of depression levels.
The outcome of this study may assist clinical nurses to understand the influence of caregiver burden and resourcefulness on depression levels. It would be helpful for clinical nurses to develop support groups and resourcefulness training programs for caregivers of patients with mental illness to enhance their resourcefulness, release caregiver burden, further reduce their depression levels, and finally maintain the balance of physical and mental health.

並列關鍵字

patients with mental illness ； primary caregiver ； caregiver burden ； resourcefulness ； depression

參考文獻

葉人豪、葉玲玲、黃光華、陳快樂、邵文娟、陳宏(2009) ．社區精神分裂症照顧者之需要與負荷探討．精神衛生護理雜誌，4(1)，1-8。

徐淑貞、張蓓貞、戎瑾如(2008)．獨居老人習得智謀對憂鬱與生活品質影響之探討．醫護科技學刊，10(2)，88-98。

中文文獻

內政部統計處(2014，06月01日)．101年1-6月身心障礙者福利統計．內政統計通報101年第34週．2014年06月01日取自

http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week10134.doc