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  • 學位論文

勞動者爭議行為合法性研究 以醫師罷工為中心

A Study on the Legitimacy of Labor Dispute Focusing on Physician Strike

指導教授 : 林更盛
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摘要


罷工為最常見之爭議行為類型,因此本文首先從爭議行為之目的、意義、分類方式與所生之影響以俯瞰之方式,描述爭議行為之輪廓並建立整體之概念,以作為探求醫師罷工合法界限之理論基礎。 其次說明爭議權之憲法基礎與內涵,憲法是表明一個國家及人民所應遵循和服從之思想與觀念之指標,為將來政治與法律機構指明前進的道路。醫師行使罷工權時,會形成雇主、醫師、病患三方面之權利衝突,醫師勞工之爭議權與一般民眾之醫療權若發生衝突,孰輕孰重將成問題。因此本文試圖援引德國之法制及學說見解作為尋找我國爭議權憲法上法理基礎之借鏡,並作為集體勞動法制之最高規範準則。 我國實務與學界對於爭議行為之合法性判斷標準,係採取所謂「正當性理論」分成主體、目的、程序與手段四大正當性,然其具體內容除了包括我國勞動三法外,亦繼受德國非成文爭議行為法(Arbeitskampfrecht)之精神,因此本文著重於德國法制之介紹,於章末並以圖表之方式對照我國與德國法制關連性,期待能對未來勞動三法之修法與解釋適用有所助益。 最後說明醫師罷工之合法性,醫師若行使罷工權將會與病患之醫療權發生權利衝突,基本權衝突不應斷然認定某種權利具有較高位階而否定與其相衝突之權利,而是應依個案所涉之法益權衡來分別判斷。因此檢驗醫師罷工之合法性,除了前述一般勞動者爭議行為之合法性要件之外,更應融入醫師基於自由業身份執行業務之特殊性,採取類型化之檢驗模式,於探討醫師罷工之合法界限前,首先要確定醫師是基於勞務關係於醫院中執行職務,其次需確認何種醫師屬於勞動者,能享有罷工特權,本文將說明權衡基本權衝突之實際協調方式,此亦為尋求醫師合法罷工界限之途徑。

關鍵字

勞動者 爭議行為 合法性 罷工 醫師

並列摘要


Strike is the common practice for labor dispute, so the purpose, definition, categories/means of dispute and the associated consequence of dispute are deliberated in the beginning of this research. The established concept of dispute will then be the basis on studying the legitimacy of physician strike. The constitutional basis and content of dispute right is described in the following chapter. Constitution is the conceptual guideline of what should be complied by a country and the citizen. It is the direction of future development for political organization and legal institution. Therefore, this research applied the German law and corresponding literature as a foundation to search the theoretical subsistence for dispute right and the top criteria for law collective labor. Conflicts from employer, physicians, and patients will be generated when the physicians execute strike, and thus the priority of dispute right for labor physicians and the medical right for general people will be an argument. It is the premise to clarify the legality of the above two rights before studying on how to resolve the conflicts. In both practice and academic, judgment criteria for dispute legality are based on proper theory, and can be categorized by object, purpose, procedure and action. The content not only covers the labor law, but also highly influenced by German Arbeitskampfrecht; as a result, part of this research focuses on the introduction of German law system, and a table is used to list the correlation between local law system and German law system. Hopefully, that may be a valuable reference for revision and further application in labor law. Last part of this research aims to argue the legitimacy of physician strike. If strike executed by the physician group conflicts with patients’ right in receiving medical treatment from doctors, it is subjective to assert that which right has the higher position and ignore the existence of conflicts. It is more reasonable and logical to judge based on the legal tradeoff of individual. Therefore, in order to arbiter the legitimacy of physician strike, not only the legitimacy of common labor dispute right should be considered as one of the conditions, but the specialty of freelance characteristic for physician practice needs to be covered also by adapting categorizing test mode. Before discussing the limit for physician strike legitimacy, one thing has to make sure is that physician practice his career in hospital or clinic based on employer and employee relationship. Secondly, what type of physician can be categorized, as labor should be clarified so that the strike right can be held. Protecting basis right is the purpose but not a manner. Among all basic rights, it’s normal to have overlap or conflicts. To execute one’s basic right but invade other’s basic right is consider as conflict. Conflicts resulted from common labor who execute strike only involves two side relationship of strike right from employees and property right from employers; while if physician execute strike, the three sides conflicts from labor, employee, employers will make the situation more complicated. This research aims to find the tradeoff among involved basic rights, and tries to find a balance point and feasible way to work out the legitimacy issue for physician to find the limit for striking legally.

並列關鍵字

Legitimacy Strike Labor Labor Dispute Physician

參考文獻


黃瑞明,〈從法社會學之觀點論統聯客運集體罷駛事件與我國罷工法制〉,《台大法學論叢》,第31卷第3期,2002年5月。
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