日遺戰備設施做為居住空間使用演變之研究 －以屏東、新竹、虎尾三處眷村為例

A Research of the Transformation of Living Space on Japanese Colonial War-remained Facilities

霍鵬程(Peng-Cheng Ho)

指導教授 ： 趙家麟

中原大學/設計學院/設計學博士學位學程/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2015.00166

摘要

二戰結束後，國軍撤守臺灣，數十萬的軍人與眷屬利用日軍所遺留下來的大批建築做為居所，這些形式、功能、規模各異的建築物，有些原本適合用來居住，像官舍、兵舍，有些原本不適合居住，像病院、大型廠房，但是數十年下來，軍民自行隔間、加建、增建，形成了各種不同類型的眷村 ; 國防部依眷村文化保存選擇及審核辦法，2012年3月27日公告十三處眷村計畫保存區，其中有九處與日軍在臺戰備遺址有關，祇有四處與戰備遺址無關，卻是使用「眷村文化保存」名義保存，日遺戰備設施做為眷村居住使用，具有「遺址」與「眷村」雙重身分，因此本研究定義為「遺址眷村」。研究總目標：透過對「遺址眷村」空間與使用型態變遷的研究，探討臺灣在眷村時期，居住者如何利用不同類型的日遺戰備設施，轉化為居住空間之演變過程 ; 研究範圍擴及遺址眷村之居住空間演變、簇族建築範圍及外圍城鄉環境之間關聯性。
本研究選定屏東、新竹、虎尾三處具有代表性的遺址眷村，自2011年至2014年為止，透過文獻搜集、深度訪談、實地調查等方式，搜集三處遺址眷村居住空間之演變情形、演變原因、演變現象、問題呈現等方面，發現二戰期間日軍在臺戰備建構物，受到戰爭情勢改變影響，光復後受到國家政策、城鄉環境與社會變遷影響 ; 居住空間演變過程產生空間碎化、凸性空間等演變現象，經由調查歸納、比較分析，發現遺址眷村歸屬於列管戶部分，在有規劃架構下形成規律化空間演變模式，非列管戶部分在無規劃架構下，呈現非規律化空間演變模式，甚至於形成特殊有機空間演變型態 ; 本研究就文化價值、空間演變及關聯性等方面做出結論，並針對空間演變所產生的問題提出建議。

關鍵字

戰備設施 ； 遺址眷村 ； 空間演變 ； 眷村文化

並列摘要

After World War II, the national troops retreated to Taiwan. Some of the military buildings suitable for living in the Japanese troops’ war readiness ruins in Taiwan were converted into military houses, which were distributed to married military personnel according to rank. The military personnel not granted military houses chose to live in originally uninhabitable military buildings and had them converted into military houses, leading to the formation of settlements over time. The Ministry of National Defense, in accordance with the review guidelines of military housing community culture preservation and selection, announced the 13-unit military housing community preservation district plan on March 27th, 2012. Of the 13, nine were related to the Japanese troops’ war readiness relics in Taiwan, while four were unrelated to the war readiness relics and were preserved in the name of “military housing community culture preservation”. The Japanese colonial war-remnant facilities intended for residential use by the military housing communities had the dual identity of “relics” and “military housing community”, otherwise defined as “relics of military housing villages”. The research objective is to conduct a research on changes in the space and use pattern of “ruins of military housing villages” in order to explore the evolution of how residents in Taiwan used different types of Japanese colonial war-remained facilities and converted them into living spaces during the military housing community period. The research scope was extended to the correlation of the evolution of the living space of the ruins of military housing communities, the architectural scope of the Tsu Tribe, and peripheral township environment.
Based on the military housing community selection principle, three representative relics of military housing communities in three areas, namely, Pingtung, Hsinchu, and Huwei were selected. From 2011 to 2014, through literature collection, in-depth interviews, and field surveys, the evolution of the living space of the three relics of military housing communities, the causes of the evolution, the evolutionary phenomena, and the problems presented were collected. It was found that during World War II, the Japanese troops’ war readiness facility construction in Taiwan was affected by changes in the war situation. After Taiwan’s retrocession, under the influence of national policies, town ship environment, and social changes, the evolution of the living space underwent space fragmentation, convexity space, and other evolutionary phenomena. Through survey induction and comparative analysis, it was found that the monitored ruins of military housing communities formed a regulated spatial evolutionary pattern under a planned framework, while non-monitored households showed a non-regulated spatial evolution pattern since it has no planned framework, which even led to the formation of an exceptional pattern of organic spatial evolution. The study conclusions were drawn from the aspects of cultural value, spatial evolution, and correlation, and recommendations were proposed targeting problems arising from the spatial evolution.

並列關鍵字

spatial evolution ； War-remained facilities ； military housing community culture ； ruins of the military housing communities

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