機場聯外運輸運具選擇行為之研究

便捷的聯外運輸系統對機場的運作與服務是非常重要的，而目前台灣桃園國際機場之聯外運輸方式是以高速公路為主，目前高速公路之交通狀況於部分路段已呈飽和，尖峰時間之交通更是壅塞嚴重，為改善機場聯外之交通，政府已計畫興建機場聯外捷運系統，以連結台北車站、台灣桃園機場、高鐵桃園車站等交通運輸樞紐。未來機場聯外運輸系統在新運具的加入後，對航空旅運者進出機場之接駁及主線運具之選擇將有一定的影響，因此本研究將分別探討航空旅運者由出發地至主線運具場站之前段接駁運具選擇行為，及接駁運具結合主線運具下之機場聯外運具選擇行為，透過問卷收集之資料，進一步構建航空旅運者之運具選擇行為模式。本研究利用排序普羅比模式構建航空旅運者對運具屬性之重視因子模式，並比較多項羅吉特、巢式羅吉特及混合羅吉特等模式，結果顯示，在新運具的前段接駁運具選擇上，以巢式羅吉特模式有較好之配適度；於接駁結合主線運具的選擇上，則以混合羅吉特模式有較高之解釋能力。經由模式之校估結果，發現對機場出境旅客而言，以「旅行時間」與「使用便利性」為旅運者對機場聯外運具選擇之首要考量，而「旅行成本」的影響則較不顯著。另外，經由彈性分析可知，大眾運具旅行時間的改善，除可提升自身之市場佔有率外，亦能降低私人運具及計程車之市場佔有率，因此良好的大眾運輸系統將可有效降低機場周邊聯外道路壅塞之問題。

關鍵字

運具選擇；機場捷運；排序普羅比；多項羅吉特；巢式羅吉特；混合羅吉特

並列摘要

Convenient airport access system is very important to operation and services of airport. Access system of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is based on freeway mostly now. In some area freeway has been reached the design capacity, especially at rush hour. In order to improve the access traffic of airport, government has planned the mass rapid transport of airport to connect the hubs such as Taipei train station, Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport and Taoyouan HSR station. New access modes of airport will influence the choice behavior in access mode and main line mode. Thus this study majors in choice behavior in access mode and main line mode, and to establish the model of air traveler’s choice behavior. This study use Ordered Probit model to establish the model of air traveler’s respect factor which about mode attribute, and compares Multinomial Logit model, Nested Logit model, and Mixed Logit model. In the Ordered Probit model estimated result it suggests that the most important factors for departure traveler to choose the access mode are travel time and convenience, and the influence on travel cost is not significant. In analysis of elasticity it suggests that improvement of travel time of mass transport will raise the market share of mass transport and reduce the market share of private vehicle and taxi. Conclusively good mass transport system will reduce the congestion of airport access road.