頂尖撞球選手運動表現的影響因素

Factors that Influence Top Billiard Players’ Performance

夏揮凱(Hui-Kai Hsia)

指導教授 ： 曾沈連魁

國立中正大學/教育學院/運動與休閒教育研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究目的在瞭解頂尖撞球選手運動表現的影響因素，釐清頂尖撞球選手的
參與動機、人格特質、訓練關鍵因素、競賽壓力因應策略。本研究採質性研究
方式，以立意取樣，選取5位曾代表台灣參加國際性比賽，且獲得冠軍的頂尖撞
球選手為訪談對象。以創造力理論為基礎，設計半結構式訪談問題，以紮根理論
分析資料，採開放性編碼，主軸性編碼及選擇性編碼，持續歸納、比較及分析。
結果發現頂尖撞球選手的參與動機包括選手本身（及早接觸、先天條件好、有
興趣、獲得成就感、自我期望）、社會網絡（教練、球場老闆、家人、同儕）、
環境（學校升學、獎金或競技賭金、工作與經濟需要）；其人格特質包括個性特
質（表現性、樂觀性、變通性、穩定性、有恆性、自律性），以及社會性特質（工
作專注、適應能力、心理調節、自信心）；訓練的關鍵因素包括良好的培育環
境（教練指導與監督、同儕選手或高手的幫助、良好的訓練環境）及有效的訓練
策略（目標設定、強化基本動作、充足及嚴格的訓練、加強體能、檢討與修正、
訓練時間管理、模擬比賽或挑戰他人、自主訓練與突破、堅持與鬥志）等；賽前
因應策略的概念包括自我對話、賽前心理調整、全力以赴、高度企圖心等；賽
中因應策略的概念包括比賽初期的因應、比賽過程的因應、緊張情況的適應、
享受比賽等。整體而言，頂尖撞球選手運動表現的影響因素涉及參與動機、人
格特質、訓練環境與策略、賽前及賽中的因應策略。

關鍵字

運動訓練 ； 優秀運動員 ； 教練 ； 人格特質 ； 參與動機

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence top billiard
players’performances, and to understand their participant motivation, characteristics,
key factors in training, and strategies to cope with competitive pressure. Based on the
qualitative research methods and purposive sampling, five billiard players who had
won the international billiard championship as Taiwan representatives were
interviewed by semi-structured questions basing on creativity theory. All reports were
analyzed by grounded theory through open, axial, and selective coding process. All of
the information was rearranged, induced, compared, and analyzed. The results
indicated that the participant motivation for top billiard players including personal
reasons (early exposure to sports, talent, interests, sense of achievement, and
self-expectation), social practical incentives (opportunities to receive further
education, prize, and job or financial needs), social network (coach, billiard hall
owner, families, and companions). Their characteristics including personalities (desire
to show off, optimism, flexibility, stability, perseverance, and self-discipline) and
social feature (concentration on works, the ability to adapt, mental adjustment, and
confidence). The key factors in training including good environment (instruction and
supervision of coach, help of companion or expert competitors, and good training
environment) and effective strategies for training (goal setting, basic movement
strengthening, sufficient and strict training, physical ability enhancing, reviewing and
adjusting, time management for training, simulated games or challenges, initiative and
breakthrough in training, persistency and morale). Ways to cope with competitive
pressure before matches including self-encouragement, pre-matches mental
adjustment, and aggressiveness in winning. In-matches strategies including primary
stage strategies, accommodation to nervousness, and enjoyment in matches. All in all,
main factors that influence the performances of top billiard players including
participant motivation, characteristics, training environment and strategies, and
pre-matches as well as post-matches strategies.

並列關鍵字

motivation ； participant ； characteristics ； sport training ； coach ； social

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