南仁山低地雨林凋落物之時空變化研究

Study on the Spatial and Temporal Change of Litterfall in Nanjenshan Lowland Rain Forest

金絜之(Chieh-Chih Chin)

指導教授 ： 陳朝圳

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2008.00135

摘要

低地雨林包涵豐富的物種及複雜的組成，在無人為的經營下，凋落物為維持森林生長之重要營養源。利用凋落物可以了解生態系之功能、結構，並推估生產力、林分更新、生物量等，在長期生態研究中為一重要參數。凋落物主要由葉、花、樹皮、小枝、果實等所組成。而植物之樹冠主要以枝條和葉子所組成，樹冠葉量與落葉情況成正相關，其葉量多寡可由葉面積指數來表示。本研究以南仁山地區1999-2007年間，8年之凋落物量與凋落物組成調查資料，分析凋落物量之季節性與長期性變化，及風力干擾對於凋落物量之影響，並探討凋落物量與葉面積指數之關係。結果顯示，凋落物與葉面積指數有顯著性相關，並建立以葉面積指數為解釋變數之凋落物推估模式(r2=0.57)。8年間南仁山地區之平均凋落物量為5.52±0.07 t ha-1yr-1，而不同地形類型亦會影響凋落物量，其中溪谷地形之凋落物量最高約6.48±1.57 t ha-1yr-1，背風坡面約5.16±0.64 t ha-1yr-1，向風坡面最低約4.56±0.29 t ha-1yr-1，以溪谷型之植物生長更新較佳，其次為背風坡型，最後為迎風坡型。年凋落物量之季節性變化出現兩個高峰期，分別為2-3月份及7-8月份，凋落物量分布類型屬雙峰型。而東北季風並不會造成迎風坡面枝條大幅凋落之情形，迎風坡面之林木已產生適應性，因此東北季風時期對於凋落物量並無顯著差異。長期以來颱風是干擾森林的重大關鍵，受到連續性的颱風影響，使南仁山森林還未恢復完全。由本研究結果與前人研究結果推測，森林在不受到大型
干擾可在1年內恢復，若受到連續性之強烈颱風干擾則森林恢復的時間則至少需要3年才可恢復到以往之生產力。

關鍵字

東北季風 ； 葉面積指數 ； 颱風 ； 干擾 ； 恢復

並列摘要

Lowland rainforests consist of abundant wildlife species and complex components; litter fall is an important source of nutrition for the lowland rainforests without any artificial management. The litterfall has been an important parameter in ecological research for decades because it can help to understand the function and structure of an ecosystem, also to estimate forest productivity, regeneration and biomass as well. The main composition of litterfall includes foliage, flower, bark, and fruit. The composition of canopy includes branches and foliage. There is a positive relationship between quantity of foliage and litterfall of foliage. The quantity of foliage could be represented by Leaf Area Index (LAI). The data used in this study consisted of the measurements of the litterfall quantity and variety from 1999-2007 to analyze the variation of litterfall based on the effects of season, long term and wind disturbance. In addition, a discussion on the relationship between litterfall quantity and LAI was also conducted. The study result has shown that there was a significant relationship between litterfall quantity and LAI.
Also, a predicting model of litterfall by the explanatory variable of LAI was established with R2=0.57. The average quantity of litterfall was 5.52±0.07 t ha-1yr-1 in these 8 years study period in Nanjenshan area. Different terrains in Nanjenshan area would have different quantity of litterfall, such as: 6.48±1.57 t ha-1yr-1 in the valley, 5.16±0.64 t ha-1yr-1, in the leeward site and 4.56±0.29 t ha-1yr-1 in the windward site. As to the growth and renew of the vegetation, it was the best in the valley, then followed by the leeward site, and the last was the windward site. The seasonal variation of litterfall quantity has shown two peaks in Nanjenshan areas, which were from February to March and from July to August. The results have also shown that where a large quantity of branches litterfall was during northeastern monsoon at windward site. Therefore, the northeastern monsoon would not have significant effect on the quantity of branches litterfall. The disturbance of typhoon is the most affective factor for the long term variation of litterfall in Nanjenshan area. The forests of this area have not yet been restored completely ever since. By integrating the results of this study and those of previous studies in the references, it can be conjectured that forests could be restored within 1 year if there is not any serious disturbance occurred. However, if the forests are disturbed by severe and continuous typhoons, they would need 3 years for restoring their productivity.

並列關鍵字

northeasterly monsoon winds ； leaf area index ； typhoon ； disturbance ； restoration

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