透過您的圖書館登入
IP:44.223.42.120
  • 學位論文

臺灣原生闊葉樹種七十種之光合作用潛力研究

Photosynthetic Capacity in Seventy Broadleaf Tree Species of Taiwan

指導教授 : 郭耀綸

摘要


本研究目的是要建立臺灣原生樹種的光合作用性狀資料庫,希望能夠提供育苗、造林或生態復育等作業時樹種選擇的參考,達到適地適木之目標。試驗於屏東科技大學森林系苗圃進行,選定栽植在地上,非盆栽的70種樹苗的陽葉供測試。測定時微環境因子設定為CO2濃度400 µl L-1,葉溫在28~32℃,相對溼度70~80%。每個樹種以最大的4個光飽和光合作用率平均值當作該樹種的光合作用潛力。測定期間為2009、2010及2011的雨季(6月~10月)。 試驗結果發現供試70種樹種的光合潛力在8.0~34.3 µmol m-2 s-1範圍,有23種先驅樹種的光合潛力在21 µmol m-2 s-1以上,尤其是黃槿、山芙蓉、構樹及苦楝可高達30.0 µmol m-2 s-1以上,可充分利用高光資源。光合潛力在15.0~20.9 µmol m-2 s-1間的樹種有29種,包括樟樹、白肉榕、台灣海桐等常用之造林樹種。光合潛力在14.9 µmol m-2 s-1以下的樹種有杜英、皮孫木、奧氏虎皮楠等18種,其中以鐵色最低,僅為8.0 µmol m-2 s-1,均為耐陰樹種。供試樹種的光飽和點(LSP)在820~1,920 µmol photon m-2 s-1範圍,上述23種先驅樹種的LSP多在1,400 µmol photon m-2 s-1以上,光合潛力低於14.9 µmol m-2 s-1的18種樹種,其LSP多在1,100 µmol photon m-2 s-1以下。供試70種樹種的光合作用光補償點在10.0~33.1 µmol photon m-2 s-1範圍,23種先驅樹種此數值大都在22.0 µmol photon m-2 s-1 以上,光合潛力低於14.9 µmol m-2 s-1的耐陰樹種光補償點多低於19 µmol photon m-2 s-1。研究結果也發現此70種樹種的比葉重與上述4項光合作用性狀呈顯著負相關。 試驗期間發現微氣象條件對供試植株的光合作用表現有明顯的影響。能獲得大氣較高光合作用率的天候條件為測試當天清晨或前一天有下雨,大氣相對濕度較高,氣孔可充分張開,且測定時有短暫日照或薄雲的天候。 本研究測得的光合作用潛力提供判斷各樹種的耐陰的量化數據。在CO2濃度400 µl L-1的條件下,陽葉的光合潛力高於18.0 µmol m-2 s-1的樹種應可視為喜強光的非耐陰或先驅樹種,中等耐陰樹種的光合潛力在13.0~18.9 µmol m-2 s-1範圍,光合潛力在11.9 µmol m-2 s-1以下的樹種可視為耐陰樹種。各樹種的光合潛力或光飽和點也可供培育樹苗時,是否需遮陰的參考依據。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study is to construct a photosynthetic trait database for native tree species in Taiwan. It is hoped that such database can provide references for decision making during species selection in practices such as nursery management, tree plantation, or ecological restoration. The experiments were performed on the Department of Forestry Nursery, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, where 70 non-potted seedlings were selected and measured. CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were set 400 μl L-1 and 28-32℃ respectively, and the experiments were performed during the rain season (from June to October) in 2009、2010 and 2011. The measured light-saturated photosynthetic rate of each species was regarded as the photosynthetic capacity. Results showed that the 70 species had photosynthetic capacity ranged from 8.0 to 34.3 μmol CO2 m-2s-1. In 23 pioneer species, there values were all over 21 μmol CO2 m-2s-1, with Hibiscus tiliaceus, Hibiscus taiwanensis, Broussonetia papyrifera and Melia azedarach had the greatest photosynthetic capacity (over 30.0 μmol CO2 m-2s-1); 29 species showed photosynthetic capacity ranged between 15.0-20.9 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, including afforestation species such as Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus virgata , and Pittosporum pentandrum; 18 species showed photosynthetic capacity lower than 14.9 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, including Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Pisonia umbellifera, and Daphniphyllum glaucescens, and among all Drypetes littoralis showed the lowest value of 8.0 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The light saturation point (LSP) for all the 70 species ranged between 820-1,920 μmol photon m-2 s-1. For the majority of the 23 pioneer species, the LSP values were above 1,400 μmol photon m-2 s-1; most of the 18 species with photosynthetic capacity lower than 14.9 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 showed LSP value under 1,100 μmol photon m-2 s-1. As for light compensation point, the results from the 70 species ranged from 10.0 to 33.1 μmol photon m-2 s-1. The 23 pioneer species showed light compensation points higher than 22.0 μmol photon m-2 s-1, while in species with photosynthetic capacity lower than 14.9. μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 the points were mostly under 19 μmol photon m-2s-1. In addition, dark respiration of these 70 species ranged from 0.60 to 3.05 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1.Furthermore, we also found a significant negative correlation between leaf weight per area and the above four traits within these 70 species. During our experiment, it was found that microclimate conditions had apparent effects on trees’ photosynthetic performance. The climate conditions that favored higher photosynthetic rate were showers on the night before the date of measurement, high humidity, the fully expansion of stoma, and a bit sunshine or haze during measurement. The photosynthetic capacities obtained from this study could be used as a quantitative basis for determining shade tolerance in each tree species. Tree species show photosynthetic capacity higher than 18.0 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 under the condition of 400 μl L-1 CO2 concentration should be shade intolerant species, medium shade-tolerant species should have photosynthetic capacity range between 13.0-18.9 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and those show photosynthetic capacity lower than 11.9 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 should be shade tolerant species. In addition, the measured photosynthetic capacity or light compensation point could also be used as reference for different shading setups among seedlings from each species.

參考文獻


黃明鍇 (2011) 不同演替階段六種樹種葉片光合潛力隨葉齡的變化。國立屏東科技大學森林系碩士論文。76頁。
楊雅萍 (2011) 恆春西海岸十樹種黎明前水勢與光合作用潛力在乾雨季間之比較。國立屏東科技大學森林系碩士論文。63頁。
彭世賢 (2008) 南仁山森林樹苗一日碳收支及利用斑光之研究。國立屏東科技大學森林系碩士論文。75頁。
林怡芳 (2005) 四種殼斗科幼苗在不同光度下生長優勢與形態之表現。國立臺灣大學森林暨環境資源系碩士論文。71頁。
林文智、郭耀綸 (2007) 山胡椒、光葉柃木及錐果櫟樹苗的生長與生理對不同光環境之反應。作物、環境與生物資訊4: 297-306。

被引用紀錄


顏君靜(2013)。不同耐陰性樹種葉片達最大光合潛力葉序之比較〔碩士論文,國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346%2fNPUST.2013.00217

延伸閱讀