軟硬表面介入對老年人行走於不同斜坡下肢勁度調節與肌肉活化之影響

林羿君

doi:10.6344/NTUE.2010.00514

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軟硬表面介入對老年人行走於不同斜坡下肢勁度調節與肌肉活化之影響

Soft and Hard Surface Intervention on the Effect of Walking on Different Slopes to Leg Stiffness and Muscle Activation in The Elderly

林羿君 , Masters　　Advisor：翁梓林　　

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6344/NTUE.2010.00514

安全墊；材質；下肢勁度； Safety Mats ； Materials ； Leg Stiffness

Abstract │ Reference (62) │ Times Cited (2) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

研究目的：探索軟硬表面介入對老年人行走於三種斜坡（12°、0°、-12°）時運動學、動力學和下肢肌電訊號的變化情形與差異性。研究對象：以年齡65歲以上男性老年人8名且六個月內無下肢病痛肢（年齡68.50±3.89歲、身高164.50±5.73公分、體重70.63±7.38公斤）為受試對象。方法與步驟：以一部 Mega speed 30k 高速攝影機（100Hz）、一臺AMTI測力板（1000Hz）與四條Biovision肌電儀器（1000Hz），以同步方法擷取受試者不同軟硬斜坡之完整步態週期，並將動作分為著地期與推蹬期。影片以Kwon3D動作分析軟體處理，經人體肢段參數內建值、直接線性轉換及濾波後，取得運動學參數。測力板原始訊號透過DASYLab 6.0分析軟體，經濾波、模組校正得到原始地面反作用力，並以體重倍率（B.W）作為標準化。肌電訊號由DASYLab 6.0軟體分析股直肌、脛骨前肌、股二頭肌、腓腸肌等肌群之原始肌電訊號後，進行10-500Hz的band-pass濾波處理，經全波整流上翻、10 Hz低通率波平滑化處理，經積分運算後，可得積分肌電值（iEMG），並除以積分區間之作用時間，得肌電訊號的平均肌電振幅，並以EMG最大自主性收縮值進行標準化處理（%MVC）。統計資料以SPSS 12.0中文版軟體進行二因子重複量數變異數分析（two-way ANOVA），顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果與討論：一、隨著坡度的不同，著地期的重心位移、下肢關節角位移，垂直分力第一峰值與產生時間、平均負荷率、站立期衝量、著地力峰值與衝量、下肢勁度及下肢肌群活動量皆達顯著差異（P <.05），而50ms被動衝量及股二頭肌，未達顯著差異（P＞.05），下坡在踝關節角位移、垂直分力第一峰值、平均負荷率、下肢勁度以及腓腸肌活化皆大於平地與上坡；而在上坡的平均負荷率最小，第一峰值出現時間最晚，股直肌與脛骨前肌活化程度最大。二、隨著坡度的不同，推蹬期的推蹬力峰值與衝量及下肢股直肌、脛骨前肌和腓腸肌皆達顯著差異（P<.05），而在垂直第二峰值與時間、股二頭肌，未達顯著差異（P＞.05），行走平地時，推蹬力峰值最大；上坡時，腓腸肌活化最大；而在下坡時，股直肌與脛骨前肌活化程度最大。三、隨著材質的軟化，在平地著地期時，膝關節角位移和踝關節角位移增加並達到統計上的顯著差異（P <.05）。顯示隨著材質的軟化，緩利用較多的膝關節和踝關節彎曲來進行緩衝。四、隨著材質的軟化，著地期時，垂直分力第一峰值時間增加、平均負荷率減少、50ms被動衝量減少及下肢勁度增加，並達到統計上的顯著差異（P <.05）。顯示軟材質能降低著地腳接觸地面時所承受地面反作用力衝擊力量及延長作用力峰值發生時間。結論：行走在軟度表面的斜坡上，會有較低的平均負荷率與50ms內被動衝量，而能減低行走斜坡所造成反作用力的衝擊，進而降低行走跌倒的機會。透過軟材質介入之後，將此斜坡動作加入訓練應對於下肢運動傷害的功能，有正面的助益，而上坡行走於軟材質時對支撐腳的平均負荷率與50ms內被動衝量最小且股直肌、脛骨前肌的肌肉活化量亦較大，是值得推行的運動。

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

Objective: To explore the soft and hard surface intervention to walk on three kinds of on the slope（12°、0°、-12°） when the elderly kinematics, dynamics and lower extremity EMG signals differentiation. Methods: eight over age 65 years old without a history of leg pain sixth grade male students (age: 68.50±3.89 years old, height: 164.50±5.73 cm, weight: 70.63±7.38 kgws) subjects. A Mega Speed Ms25k high-speed cameras (100Hz) , along the sagittal plane of the subjects carried out two-dimensional film, combined with two AMTI force plates (1000Hz), and Biovision EMG syseem (1000Hz), to capture synchronization up the complete The Kinematic, kinetic and EMG parameters of lower limbs. The film undergoes Kwon3D movement analysis and human limb sections of parameter organizational system and Direct Linear Transformation in order to possess the physical parameters. The primitive signal from the force plate is processed by DasyLab 6.0 software, filtering and calibrates modular to calculate the primitive vGRF. Body weight (BW) is used as the basis for standardization to obtain GRF values. The primitive signals of EMG is processed by DasyLab 6.0 software, band-pass filtering, low-pass filtering (10Hz) and full-wave rectification, also obtain the integration EMG through integration analysis. MVC is used to normalize signals of EMG. The resulting data undergoes two-way ANOVA via SPSS 12.0 statistics software. The level of significance for this experiment is set to α=.05. Results：1.With the slope of the different, displacement of the center of vertical gravity, lower extremity joint  angular displacement, first peak force and produce the time, the average loading rate, total support impulse, braking force peak and impulse, lower extremity stiffness and lower limb muscle activity were significant differences(P <.05）. The 50ms passive impulse and the average of EMG amplitude of biceps femoris long head during braking phase are no significant difference(P＞.05). Downhill in the ankle joint angular displacement, the first peak vertical force, the average loading rate, lower extremity stiffness and gastrocnemius activation was greater than the plains and the hill; while the average loading rate in the smallest uphill, the first peak time of the latest , rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscle activation maximum. 2. With the slope of the different, propulsive force peak and impulse, the average of EMG amplitude of Rectus femoris, Tibialis anterior, and Gastrocnemius lateral head were significant differences(P <.05）. The second peak force and time, the average of EMG amplitude of biceps femoris long head, no significant difference(P＞.05). When walking the ground, propulsive force peak maximum; uphill, the average of EMG amplitude of Gastrocnemius activation is the maximum ; in downhill, the average of EMG amplitude of rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscle activation maximum. 3. With the softening of the material, when the ground on the plains, knee angular displacement and angular displacement of the ankle joint to increase and reached statistically significant difference(P <.05), shows that with the softening of material, ease of use more bend the knee and ankle joints to be buffered. 4. With the softening of the material, during braking phase, the first peak force time and lower extremity stiffness component increases, the average loading rate decreased, 50ms passive impulse to reduce reached statistically significant difference (P <.05). Shows soft material can reduce the ground when the feet touch the ground to withstand the impact of ground reaction force and the extension of the occurrence time of peak force. Conclusion: Walking in the soft surface of the slope degree, there will be load of average loading rate and 50ms passive impulse, and reduce the ground force caused by running the impact of the slope, thus reducing opportunities for travel fell. After the intervention, through soft material, this slope movement should join the training function for the lower extremity sports injuries, have a positive benefit, The uphill walk on the soft material on the supporting leg when the average loading rate, 50ms passive impulse and the average of EMG amplitude of rectus femoris, tibialis anterior muscle activation volume is large. It is the sports that are worth pursuing.

Reference ( 62 ) 〈TOP〉

王顯智（1998）。踝關節之解剖與傷害之機轉。中華體育，12（2），101-109。
連結：
王令儀（2007）。老年人立定垂直跳動作中下肢動力學參數之時宜特徵。體育學報，40（3），39-48。
連結：
吳仁銘（2005）。跟腱炎患者的下肢勁度差異。未出版碩士論文，長庚大學復健科學研究所，桃園縣。
連結：
吳世峰（2003）。視障學生與正常學生下坡行走步態之研究。未發表之碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
連結：
侯捷仁（2005）。老年人背向行走之生物力學分析。未發表之碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
連結：

Times Cited (2) 〈TOP〉

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