半感潮性濕地水文系紡與滯洪功能可行性研究－以大鵬灣鵬村濕地爲例

Research on Semi-tidal Wetland Hydrology System and Its Effectiveness of Flood Detention: A Case Study of Dapeng Bay Pengchen Constructed Wetland

丁澈士(Cheh-Shyh Ting) ； 李易篬(I-Tsang Li) ； 蔡欣恬(Hsin-Tien Tsai) ； 簡新洋(Ming-Cheng Chien) ； 張祥仁(Hsin-Yang Chien) ； 張祥仁(Hsiang-Jen Chang)

《農業工程學報》 54卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 56-69

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.200803.0006

摘要

濕地系統包含生態、環境、水利、土木等多項學科，是為一項複雜科學，在實際應用上除能改善水體環境污染外，亦能與觀光、生態教育、學術研究相互結合，並兼具防洪、防災等發展多功能開發利用。濕地水文系統要素包括：降水量、蒸發、地表逕流和地下水人滲等，各項因素變化圴會影響濕地生態環境，尤其對於人工濕地開發更須謹慎的調查與研究。本文探討大鵬灣鵬村人工濕地的特性，包括該地區地下水、人滲、潮矽汐、地表水之影響。利用水收支平衡方程式瞭解其水文狀況，進而探討河川集水區下游人工濕地兼具滯洪效益評估，對半感潮性濕地未來開發及管理上提出建議。
研究顯示濕地目前的主要水源爲降雨及週邊漁塭養殖場滲流水，主要損失爲蒸發量。土壤屬低滲透性土壤：研究期間自該濕地抽乾池水重新整地，研究區濕地平均池深約2.5m，總儲水量約爲184.500立方公尺。若排水渠道以5年重現期爲防洪保護標准，其產生尖峰流量43.79 cms，洪峰總逕流量為302,163立方公尺，濕示研究區目前滯洪功能有限，若再若考慮潮汐感潮之影響，渠道水流停滯約18分鍾，漲潮時對外排水不良情況下，將無法滿足水土保持技術規範規定滯洪能力。

關鍵字

半感潮性濕地 ； 水文收支 ； 滯洪型濕地

並列摘要

This article focuses on the characteristics of the constructed wetland at Pengchen Bay, including the effects of ground water, infiltration, tides, and surface water, Water balance method is used to determine the hydrologic conditions, in order to further study and cvaluate the effectiveness of flood detention in the catchment area of downriver constructed wetland. Suggestions are provided concerning the future future development and management of the semi-tidal wetland. The study shows that the main water contained in the wetland of low permeable soil results from rain and the water saturation caused by nearby fish ponds, while vaporization is the main cause of water loss. During the period of research, the water of the wetland was first pumped out and then it was reconstructed. Currently the wetland area under research is 205 m in depth, with 184,500m^3 of water-storage capability. To analysis the 5-year return period as the standard of flood prevention, the drainage channels can be handled 43.79 cms of peak discharge, and the total flood peak runoff is 30,2163m^3, which means that currently this area possesses limited ability in dealing with flood detention. To considerate the effects from tides, the water current on drainage channels will be under 18 minutes of detention. When the tide rises, the ineffective water drainage will not reach the flood detention standard in the Soil and Water Conservation Technical Standards.

並列關鍵字

Wetland ； Water budget ； Evapotranspiration