關係空間與鄉村發展：以龍潭椪風茶產業為例

Relational Spaces and Rural Development: A Case Study of Formosa Oolong at Longtan

譚鴻仁(Hung-Jen Tan)

《地理學報》 50期 (2007/12) Pp. 47-72

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2007.50.03

摘要

臺灣的茶產業以外銷為主可追溯至19世紀，以臺灣北部為主要的外銷茶區。在工業發展後，北部茶區遭受到嚴重的打擊，形成轉型的壓力，使得其產生商品的轉換也造成空間的再結構。本文的主旨在紀錄與討論龍潭是如何面對轉型的壓力，生產不同的商品，與面對地方的發展課題。龍潭地區早期的地方發展係以傳統紅茶、綠茶與烏龍茶爲主，在福特主義的生產方式下，形成龍潭與海外市場的關係空間。這項的關係空間是國家介入以政策調節所造成的結果。然而在國家內部轉型，需要鄉村勞動力，與海外競爭者的加入後，形成新的調節關係，使得地方轉型與再發展。地方發展的轉型來自於其商品生產的競爭力變化，在商品轉換後也將造成地方與其關係空間的轉換。龍潭在面對茶葉失去競爭力後，茶園面積縮減、產量減少、勞動力外移，茶農產生兩種新的生產策略，這兩種生產策略形成商品轉換與空間的再結構。地方與地方形成關係空間時，除了商品生產－消費的協同作用外，地方原有的傳統扮演過濾與連結的作用，決定關係空間是否形成。本文也指出關係空間同時包含地方與地方之生產關係，與地方與商品的品質關係。特別是農產品的生產與地方有不可分割的關係，農產品的品質關係以椪風茶爲例，包含地理、氣候、文化與歷史等，這些因素也會影響關係空間的形成。

關鍵字

椪風茶 ； 關係空間 ； 鄉村發展 ； 傳統理論 ； 龍潭

並列摘要

Tea industry in Taiwan could be dated back to the 19(superscript th) century with tea mainly from exported around the world. Tea industry in Northern Taiwan was forced to transform owing to industrialization. The paper documents and discusses how, facing developmental pressures, Longtan has produced different commodities. In the first place, resulted from state intervention, Longtan exported tea with a fordist mode of production and formed relational spaces with foreign markets. However, with the need of rural labor of the state and emergence of foreign competitors, a new regulation has been formed. The reason why local development transforms is because it loses the competitive advantages of commodity, which in turn changes spatial relations. Longtan loses its commodity advantages, with tea farms shrinking, production declining and labor out-migrating. In response, it has two strategies to change commodity and form new spatial relations. The paper argues that local conventions, in addition to the production-consumption collaboration, play an important part in the formation of relational spaces. The relations in relational spaces include production relation and quality relation. It is particularly significant for agricultural goods because they are closely related to locale and local conditions such as geography, climate culture and history. The Formosa oolong is a case in point.

並列關鍵字

Formosa oolong tea ； relational space ； rural development ； convention theory ； Longtan

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