We derive an analytic expression for evaluating the transient rotational dynamics for diatomic molecules in an optical frequency comb which is tuned to induce a series of pure rotational transitions. The formulation is made with the matrix spectral decomposition technique. The derived transient probability amplitude can be separated into a Bessel function of the first kind and a summation of other oscillating terms. The time dependence of the obtained probability is shown as a step function. We confirm that the evaluated probabilities are consistent with the numerical computations.
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