Rising food accessibility contributed to the increasing dietary diversity in rural and urban China

食物可获得性的增加促进了中国城市和农村地区的饮食多样性

Hui Wang ； Chao Liu ； Hong Fan ； Xu Tian

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 預刊文章 Pp. 1-19

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.052016.03

摘要

近几十年来中国的食物消费发生了巨大的转变，其主要原因可能是食物的可获得性的增加和饮食观念的改变。本文从食品供应点的角度研究了食物多样性。四种多样性指标被用来衡量食物的多样性，包括食物数量，饮食多样性指数，商和辛普森指数。研究者采用2004, 2006,2009 和2011 年4 次中国健康和营养调查的数据，收集了24542 个成年人的信息，并采用多元回归和局部多项式回归进一步分析了饮食多样性和食物供应点之间的相关关系。结果发现饮食多样性随着时间不断增加，但是在区域和家庭之间的变化不均衡。城市居民相比农村居民具有较高的饮食多样性(p＜0.01). 此外，饮食多样性和食品供应点之间存在显著相关(p＜0.01), 同时食物的多样性也受到诸多社会经济学因素的影响，例如：家庭收入，家庭规模，性别，年龄，教育水平和地区。本研究证明食品供应点的增多是近十年来中国饮食多样性的提高的部分原因。

關鍵字

饮食多样性 ； 食物可获得性 ； 中国 ； 城市 ； 农村

並列摘要

China has undergone a dramatic transition in food consumption in the past few decades. Diet composition has changed significantly because of an increase in food accessibility and lifestyle changes. To investigate dietary changes in China from the perspective of dietary diversity, we assessed the trend of dietary diversity in China by using the following 4 indicators: count index, dietary diversity score, entropy, and Simpson index. Data of 24 542 adults (age ≥18 y) were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011. Furthermore, the association between dietary diversity and the number of food facilities was investigated using multivariable regression and local polynomial regression. Results indicate that dietary diversity increased over time and was unequally distributed among regions and families. Urban residents had a significantly more diverse diet compared with their rural counterparts (p＜0.01). Moreover, dietary diversity was positively associated with food accessibility (p＜0.01), and it was affected by socioeconomic factors such as the family income, household size, gender, age, education, and region. Taken together, these data suggest that the increase in dietary diversity in China in the past decade can be partially attributed to the increase in food accessibility.

並列關鍵字

dietary diversity ； food accessibility ； China ； urban ； rural