澎湖地區落花生肥培管理對生產力之影響

Effects of Soil Management on the Yield Potential of Peanut in Penghu Area

周國隆(G. L. Chou) ； 蔡永暭(Y. H. Tsai) ； 蔡金池(C. C. Tsai)

《高雄區農業改良場研究彙報》 8卷1期 (1996/12) Pp. 22-34

https://doi.org/10.6958/RBKDAIS.199612.0022

摘要

澎湖地區土壤理化性不佳，是造成落花生低產的土壤限制因子，為探討不同肥培管理對落花生產量及土壤肥力之影響，本試驗設深耕、重磷、堆肥、堆肥＋綠肥及綜合等5種不同肥培管理，以慣行施肥法為對照。經1992～1994年試驗結果顯示，以板犁深耕土壤40公分，打破底土硬磐層，促進植株的根系及子房柄向下伸展，吸收較多的養分及水分，故莢果產量較對照慣行法可顯著增產20.5%。每公頃施用豬糞堆肥10公噸，連續施用三年可顯著增加莢果產量達16.5%。利用冬季農田休閒期種植油菜綠肥，不僅可保護土壤，減少肥沃表土遭受東北鹽風吹失，並且綠肥經犁入土中，可釋放出養分及增加土壤有機物，對農田地力及後作落花生產量有增產效果。另外施用過量的磷肥對落花生產量無益，反而徒增肥料的浪費，每公頃施磷酐（P2O5）量仍以100公斤較合乎經濟效益。綜合處理對增加莢果產量則無累加效果。土壤分析方面，深耕處理可明顯增加土壤有機質及氧化鉀含量，但磷酐含量則有稍降趨勢。長期施用豬糞堆肥及利用冬季休閒期種植油菜綠肥均可明顯降低土壤pH值及增加有機質含量。重磷處理可明顯增加土壤中磷酐含量。綜合處理可增加土壤有機質及氧化鉀含量，且具有累加效果，但對磷酐含量則無明顯影響。

關鍵字

澎湖地區 ； 落花生 ； 深耕 ； 重磷 ； 豬糞堆肥 ； 綠肥

並列摘要

This experiment was conducted in the Penghu Branch Station of Kaohsiung DAIS in order to study the effects of six different soil managements (deep plowing, doubling the rate of phosphate fertilizer, pig compost, pig compost + green manure, combined treatment, check treatment) on the peanut yield and the soil fertility in a moderate alkaline soil. The results are summarized as follow:Deep plowing up to a depth of 40 cm of soil could significantly increase the pod yield of peanut by 20.5% over that of check treatment. Application of pig compost at a rate of 10 t/ha must be continued for at least three years, before the increase in the pod yield could reach the statistically significant level. Planting rape as green manure during the winter season, not only protecting the surface soil from erosion by northeast wind laden with salt, but also improving the soil fertility and the yield of peanut. Doubling the rate of phosphate fertilizer application did not increase the yield of peanut. Thus a rate of 100 kg/ha of P2O5 is recommended.Deep plowing increased significantly the soil organic matter and the available K contents, but reduced the available P content. Continue application of pig compost and planting rape as the green manure during the winter reduced the pH value and increased the organic matter content significantly. Doubling the rate of phosphate fertilizer application increased the available P content of the soil. Combined treatment significantly increased the organic matter and the available K contents, but it did not affect the available P content.

並列關鍵字

Penghu Area ； Peanut ； Deep plowing ； Double phosphate fertilizer ； Pig compost ； Green manure