早期佛教六和敬僧團管理的思想教育

The Educational System of the Six-Harmony Sangha in Early Buddhism

釋見卯(Jian-Mao Shih)

《哲學與文化》 33卷12期 (2006/12) Pp. 29-48

https://doi.org/10.7065/MRPC.200612.0029

摘要

早期佛教僧團管理在思想教育上，重在確立知見，「以法為依」。所謂「依法不依人」，僧團師徒問雖為師資相承之關係，然而依止之實質則在於「法」，亦即對教法之如實知見。僧眾由於對教理之熏習，去除煩惱之堅因繫縛，達成解脫利生之一致共識。以法為依，確立了僧團管理自律道德與法治規範之基礎，免於全然以人為宗之弊病，除有利於個人自覺之提升，同時有助於僧團和合團結，以達無諍。而此一抉擇標準，極富現代之科學實證精神，亦足以為時人所效法。

關鍵字

早期佛教 ； 六和敬 ； 僧團管理 ； 教育 ； 見和同解 ； 以法為依

並列摘要

In Early Buddhism, the monastic educational system focused on the understanding of the Dharma-relying solely upon the essential truth found therein. Despite the lineage between the teacher and his disciples, the essence of this relationship is to take refuge in the Dharma, which means to have right understanding of the Buddha Dharma. This is called ”relying on the Dharma and not on the person (i.e. teacher).” Through diligently practicing the teachings and eradicating attachment, the Buddhist monastics reached a consensus that their ultimate goal was to be self-liberation and a spirit of altruism. That ”relying on the Dharma” has helped not only to build a foundation of self-disciplined moral values and the rule of law but also to prevent a malady of entirely deferring to a person. This teaching helps enhance the self-awareness and benefits the monastic harmony and solidarity without strife. This criterion that possesses the spirit of scientific experimentalism is appropriate for the modern world to follow as well.

並列關鍵字

Early Buddhism ； Six Harmonies ； Monastic Managements ； Education ； the Harmony of Views ； Relying on the Dharma