愈來愈多的組織發現,團隊提供了一個有效的方法協助組織解決問題、增加員工對組織的認同感、提高員工工作潛能和快速回應環境變遷與顧客需求。因此,組織漸漸地運用團隊來完成組織目標,增加組織效能和提高生產力。為順應整個管理的趨勢,及協助組織建立高績效團隊,了解影響團隊運作成敗的因素,本文將從文獻探討的角度,對既有探討團隊績效的代表性理論模型加以歸納、分析與整理。為使讀者對團隊績效模型能有系統性,清晰性的了解,本文特將團隊模型歸納為描述性模型(descriptive model), 規範性模型(normative model),實證性模型(empirical model),啟發性模型(heuristic model),與其他模型等五類加以分析。希冀透過此一分析,一方面讓有志於團隊研究的學者了解團隊績效管理的不同觀點,一方面讓組織管理者,從這些不同的模式了解影響團隊績效的不同因素做為其團隊管理的基礎。
More and more organizations have discovered that teams offer an effective way to coordinate across organizational boundaries to solve problems, to gain employee commitment, and to guidely respond to environmental changes. As a result, they are increasing the use of teams to accomplish their goals. The purpose of this article is to examine the existing models on team performance to see what has been done in the previous literature, and what should be done in future research on team performance. In this article, we summarize these models into five categories: descriptive models, normative model, empirical model, heuristic models, and other models.