植物表面燃油火力電廠黑煙微粒之顯微鏡鑑定與X光微量分析

Microscopic Identification and X-ray of Smoke Particles Deposited on Vegetation Surface Originated from Oil-Fired Power Plant

孫岩章(E. J. Sun)

《植物病理學會刊》 1卷4期 (1992/12) Pp. 196-202

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199212_1(4).0006

摘要

台北縣萬里鄉大坪村海芋、芥菜及甘藍菜表面，及基隆市瑪西里一帶之文旦、甘藍表面上之黑煙，經以光學顯微鏡觀察，發現皆以小於1 μm之粉狀黑煙及1-3 μm (平均2 μm)之反光球狀黑煙爲主要成員，而此2種典型黑煙與萬里鄉東方10公里一座燃油火力電廠之排煙具有相同之形態及組成。利用掃描式電子顯微鏡加以觀測，亦能得到相同的結果，而X光微量分析的結果，發現花葉表面2 μm之黑煙主含Si及Al二元素，與電廠排煙中2 μm者相同，而與3 μm以上或蜂窩狀黑煙者不同。而基隆市附近5家其他工廠之排煙皆與花葉上所見者完全不同。自1992年4月1日至5月12日於萬里鄉大坪村設站採集到31批共60個樣品，發現皆含有上述典型顆粒，此與採樣期間每日皆有東風吹襲有關。綜合研判，可知燃油火力電廠之排煙確實可以被傳送而沈降於10公里外之花葉表面。

關鍵字

黑煙 ； 火力發電廠 ； X光微量分析

並列摘要

The black smoke particles heavily deposited on the surfaces of calla flowers, mustard and cabbage leaves collected from Ta-Pin Hill area of Wanli, Taipei county, and those on the wentan and cabbage leaves at Ma-Shi area of Keelung city were found to consist of 1-3 μm light reflecting black spheres and many submicron amorphous particulates when observed under a metallurgical microscope. The composition of deposited particles on vegetation surface was found to be similar to that emitted from an oil-fired power plant located about 10 km east from Ta-Pin Hill of Wanli, but different to those from two heavy oil-fired boilers of nearby textile factories, one fertilizer factory, one steel refinery and exhausts from various vehicles. Scanning electron microscopy of the deposited 1-3 μm particles also showed the same appearance as those collected from the stack of the oil-fired power plant. Further analysis with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer showed that both particles contained principally Si and Al, although larger particles collected from electrostatic precipitator of the power plant might contained more S and V other than Si and Al. Sixty petri dish samplers from two particle collection stations collected daily from April 1 to May 12, 1991 in the farms at Ta-Pin Hill showed that typical 1-3 μm particles deposited on this area everyday, while simultaneous meteorological data indicated that east wind dominated or existed during each collecting day in this period. These evidences revealed that the heavily deposited particles on the vegetation surface were from the upwind power plant 10 km away.

並列關鍵字

Smoke ； Particulate ； Power plant ； X-ray microanalysis