柴油車輛使用含不同芳香烴燃料之引擎排氣特性

Toxicity Assessment of the Diesel Aromatics on Engine Emissions

沈淑貞(She-Jan Shen) ； 陳中邦(Chung-Bang Chen) ； 林坤海(Kun-Hai Lin) ； 李文智(Wen-Jhy Lee)

《石油季刊》 38卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 23-32

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.200206.0003

摘要

根據國內外多項研究結果顯示車輛之污染排放物中來自燃料本身之影響十分顯著。柴油中所含之芳香烴成份會影響焰溫度致使燃燒中的氮氧化物濃度提高，並會影響在引擎排氣中之粒狀污染物(PM)及多環芳香烴(PAHs)之生成，因此柴油芳香烴含量之管制，已成為繼硫含量之後各國環保當局積極規劃管制的主要項目。本文就台灣地區市售車用柴油中所含芳香烴成份特性對引擎排放污染物之影響程度進行評估探討。
針對台灣地區二大油品供應系統全省北中南三區直營加油站所販售之柴油分時、分批採樣分析結果，總芳香烴(TAR)最高含量為33.3 vol.%，其中多環狀芳香烴(PAHs)分佈範圍為1.1～4.7vol.%，平均含量為2.53 vol.%。選取具代表性油品進行車輛引擎排氣特性測試分析，結果顯示柴油中所含之總芳香烴或PATHs含量與引擎排放之毒性物質並無顯著相關。剔除毒性當量較低具雙環結構之?(Naphthalene)，分析引擎排放粒狀污染物中PAHs之總毒性當量與柴油中所含之雙環以上芳香烴（Di+, PAHs）含量呈線性相關，使用含高多環芳香烴油品引擎其排放物之總毒性當量較採用低多環芳香烴含量油品之引擎排放物為高。

關鍵字

柴油 ； 芳香烴 ； 多環芳香烴 ； 毒性當量 ； 粒狀污染物

並列摘要

Exhaust emission from vehicles is one of the major sources of air pollutants. Aromatic content in diesel fuels may affects the flame temperature during engine combustion hence encourages the formation of nitro-oxides emission, the particulates and the poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the exhaust.
Analyze 12 typical premium diesel fuel samples from gas station, the total aromatic contents (TAR) of diesel fuel in Taiwan market were ranged 21.5~33.3 vol.%, with an average value of 27.66 vol.%, while the PAH contents were ranged 1.1~4.7 vol.%, with an average value of 2.53 vol.%.
In this work, fuels with different PAH contents were evaluated for their combustion characteristics using a Cummins B-5.9 heavy-duty diesel engine running US-HDD transient cycle emission test procedures. The regulated emissions, such as HC、CO、NOx、Particulate, as well as 21 PAHs were sampled and compared. Test results showed that fuel aromatics, either TAR or total PAHs, have no significant relationship with the exhaust toxics. However, it was found that the total Bap toxics equivalent of the engine exhaust was linearly relating to that of fuel Di+ Aromatics content.

並列關鍵字

Diesel ； Aromatics ； PAH ； Toxics ； Particulate Matter