The main purpose of this study is to show the history of the geological maps in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule period. According to the content of the geological maps, we divided them into three catalogs, which are General Survey (1896-1927), Detail Survey (1927-1940) and Special Survey (1900-1939). General Survey: a large-scale geological survey over the island. Detail Survey: smaller scales, 1:50000 and 1:100000, were made. Special Survey: maps made for particular purposes during Japanese colonial rule period, especially in oil and coal. This paper mainly explore this two types.