「負荷－控制－支持」與「付出－回饋失衡」工作壓力模型中文版量表之信效度檢驗：以電子產業員工為研究對象

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Demand-Control-Support Model and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model Questionnaires: a Study Among Employees of the Microelectronic Industry

曾慧萍(Hui-Ping Tseng) ； 鄭雅文(Yaewn Cheng)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 21卷6期 (2002/12) Pp. 420-432

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2002-21-06-05

摘要

目標：探討兩個工作壓力模型，即「負荷－控制－支持模型」(Demand-Control-Support Model)與「付出－回饋失衡模型」(Effort-Reward Imbalance Model)之理論基礎，並檢驗中文版量表之信效度。方法：以高科技電子業男女性員工各401及667名為研究對象，以問卷評估其社會心理面向工作特質、工作滿意度與自評健康狀態。工作特質包含工作控制、心理負荷、社會支持、外在付出、回饋、及工作過度投入。信度以Cronbach's alpha coefficients量測量表題目的內部一致性。效度則包括內容效度及建構效度。結論：除心理負荷之內部一致性較差外，其他分量表的Cronbach's alpha coefficients皆高於0.65。因素分析顯示實證資料所抽取的因素結構與理論架構吻合。結論：依兩理論模型所研發的工作壓力量表能有效的測量職場中重要的工作特質，如「工作控制」、「心理負荷」、「回饋」與「過度投入」等，有助於我們對工作壓力問題的瞭解。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 負荷-控制-支持模型 ； 付出-回饋失衡模型 ； 信度 ； 效度

並列摘要

Objective: In this study we explored the theoretical background of two alternative job stress models – the Demand-Control-Support model and the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, and examined the reliability and validity of their Chinese questionnaires. Methods: In this study, we recruited 40 I men and 667 women who were employed in high-tech microelectronic companies in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their psychosocial job characteristics, including job control, psychological demands, work-related social support, extrinsic effort, rewards, and over-commitment. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for each scale to assess the internal consistency. For validity analyses, we examined content validity and construct validity. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for most sub-scales were all above 0.65, except for the psychological demands subscale. Exploratory factor analyses extracted 4 factors that corresponded closely to the theoretical constructs of the two models. Conclusion: Our results showed that the questionnaires developed from the two models are useful tools for the assessment of some important psychosocial work characteristics, and can help shed light on our understanding of job stress problems.

並列關鍵字

Job stress ； Demand-Control-Support model ； Effort-Reward Imbalance model ； validity ； reliability

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