台灣民主轉型期對中國大陸的和平政策－一個「政治利益」觀點的解釋

Explaining Taiwan's Peaceful Mainland Policy during Its Transition into Democracy: A Political Interest Perspective

關弘昌(Eugene Hung-Chang Kuan)

《政治學報》 46期 (2008/12) Pp. 45-68

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2008.46.02

摘要

正處於民主化過程之中的國家，在對外政策上是否會有趨於激進衝突的傾向，是近年來國際關係學者辯論的重要議題之一。在台灣的個案上，我們看到它在1980年代晚期到1990年代中期恰好經歷了從威權過渡為民主體制的轉型過程，在這段期間也伴隨了一個和平取向的大陸政策，而本文的目的即在於解釋何以台灣在民主轉型期會出現一個和平的大陸政策。不同於部分學者強調制度因素的作用，本文認為當時台灣的領導者，也就是李登輝前總統，對其個人政治利益的考量計算，在其中扮演了一個相當重要的角色。因此，本文採取了理性選擇的研究途徑，分析為何李登輝會決定在進行民主改革的同時，對中國大陸採取一個和平取向的政策路線。

關鍵字

大陸政策 ； 台灣 ； 民主轉型 ； 李登輝 ； 理性選擇

並列摘要

Whether or not democratizing states will act aggressively in their foreign policies is one of the important topics that IR scholars have debated. Taiwan happened to go through a transition from authoritarian regime to democracy from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. Interestingly, this period of time was also accompanied by a peaceful policy toward Mainland China, Taiwan's arch rival. This article seeks to explain why a peaceful Mainland policy would appear during Taiwan's democratic transition. Different from some scholars' argument that stresses institutional factors, this article points out that President Lee Teng-hui's calculation of his political interests played a critical role. Thus, it applies the rational-choice approach to analyze why Lee adopted a peaceful China policy while launching domestic political reforms.

並列關鍵字

democratic transition ； Lee Teng-hui ； mainland policy ； rational choice ； Taiwan

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