核能規範國際法治化？IAEA於哈薩克設立低濃縮鈾銀行設立協議的探索

Global Rule of International Nuclear Law? Exploration on the IAEA's Establishment Agreement of the Low Enriched Uranium Bank in Kazakhstan

曾雅真(Yea-Jen Tseng)

《政治學報》 68期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.201912_(68).0001

摘要

法治（rule of law）概念起源自19世紀的英國法學家戴雪（A. V. Dicey），它已成為當代的一項重要政治概念，國際法治（international rule of law or rule of international law）更是涉及國際關係、國際公法以及治理（governance）的重大議題。在國際原子能總署（International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA）的推動下，國際社會先後締結《核安全公約》與《用過核燃料暨放射性廢物管理安全聯合公約》，結合國際原子能總署的《基本安全原則》，建構出序階式（hierarchical）的核安全規範框架，構成核能國際法治化的規範基礎。2017年啟用的IAEA低濃縮鈾銀行，是多邊化管控核燃料前端循環的先聲，更是國際核能法治的里程碑。為填補我國學術社群對於國際核能法治的空白，本文首將回顧法治的一般性概念，探尋國際法治的發展脈絡，分析國際法治的表徵，最後透過低濃縮鈾銀行設立協議暨其附加協議的內涵，檢視核能國際法治化的發展與成效。本文以為，國際核能法已具備形式的國際法治特徵，超國界低濃縮鈾循環多邊協力機制的建構，更賦予IAEA得透過國際造法路徑，深化核能安全國際法治化的正當性。

關鍵字

低濃縮鈾銀行 ； 核安全 ； 核燃料循環 ； 國際法治 ； 國際核能法

並列摘要

The concept of rule of law was originated from the 19th century English jurist A. V. Dicey, which has become an important political concept of the contemporary era. The global rule of law or rule of international law is even more involved major issues in international relations, public international law, and global governance. Under the impetus of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the international community has successively concluded the ＂Convention on Nuclear Safety＂ and the ＂The Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management.＂ In conjunction with IAEA's Fundamental Safety Principles, these documents have constructed a hierarchical nuclear safety legal framework, which constitutes the normative basis for the international rule of nuclear safety law. The IAEA Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Bank, which was operational in 2017, is the forerunner of the nuclear fuel cycle front end multilateralization and a milestone in the international rule of nuclear law. In order to fill the default of Taiwan's academic community limited understanding to the international rule of nuclear law, this paper firstly reviews the general concept of the rule of law, secondly describes the discussion on the international rule of law, and then examines the development of the international rule of law, illustrating the major characters of the international rule of law, and then through the analysis on the content of the low enrichment uranium bank's establishment agreement, this article tries to describe the development and effectiveness of the international legality of the nuclear safety law. This paper argued that the international nuclear law already has possessed the legality of the international rule of law, and the construction of a multilateral cooperation mechanism for the IAEA's LEU Bank has provided the IAEA with the legitimacy to deepen the international rule of nuclear law with the international rule-making approach.

並列關鍵字

International Nuclear Law ； International Rule of Law ； Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) Bank ； Nuclear Fuel Cycle ； Nuclear Safety

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