希臘三哲人蘇格拉底、柏拉圖及亞里士多德的運動觀──以休閒為中心的探討

古希臘文化是歐洲文化的根源。文化上由於處於一種外向的、開放的狀態，形成一種內容較為豐富，以人為中心的教育體制，重視身體的健康和勻稱，從而具有人類最高生活品味的休閒性。古希臘創造了古代文化的高峰，運動形成完整的教育體系，無論從思想、內容和形式都為近、現代運動提供了借鑑的模式。希臘的運動之所以發達，與當時的哲學思想家頗有關係。本文茲以荷馬、斯巴達城邦及雅典城邦時代構成古希臘運動觀的時代背景；三哲人的運動觀──以休閒為中心的探討；三哲人運動觀之比較異同；其對後世的影響為騎士教育因封邑制度而興，開啟了文藝復興的歷史新局，之後，乃有打破傳統思想的啟蒙運動出現。希臘時期的休閒概念，因時空背景的因素，當可做為俟後繼續追蹤與研究的課題。

關鍵字

運動觀；休閒

並列摘要

placed in an extroverted, open condition, it gave shape to a humanistic educational system that was relatively richer in content and attached importance to physical health and balanced symmetry, and furthermore was characterized by recreationality, which is the highest taste of life for mankind. Ancient Greece created the apex of ancient culture. Athletics formed a completeeducational system; no matter in thought, content or form, it provided a model worthy of emulation by modern sports. The flourishing of Greek athletics had quite a lot to do with the philoshphers of that time. Here in this article, the periods of Homer and the city-states of Sparta and Athens constitute the historical background for ancient Greek athletic views. Then, the study deals with the athletic views of three philosophers-an inquiry focused on recreation, and compares and contrasts their views. As for their influence on posterity, the education of the chivalrous knight arose from feudalism, and a new historical vista was opened up in the Renaissance. After that, there emerged the Enlightment movement that shattered traditional thought. The concepts on recreation in the ancient Greek era, owing to the factors of spatial and temporal backgrounds, are supposed to serve as the topic for continued follow-up investigation and research in the future.