藉連續切蔓法及相剋作用防治外來入侵的小花蔓澤蘭

Using a Consecutive-Cutting Method and Allelopathy to Control the Invasive Vine, Mikania micrantha H.B.K.

郭耀綸(Yau-Lun Kuo) ； 陳志遠(Tze-Yang Chen) ； 林傑昌(Chieh-Chang Lin)

《台灣林業科學》 17卷2期 (2002/06) Pp. 171-181

https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200206.0171

摘要

台灣低海拔地及荒廢地，近年來遭受外來藤本植物小花蔓澤蘭(Mikania micrantha H.B.K)危害，形成嚴重的生態問題。本研究調查該植物之物候學、繁殖性狀及耐蔭性，並探討兩種可能的防治方法。遮蔭試驗發現本植物爲非耐蔭種，在低光林下無法生存，但根部生物量隨光量提高而顯著增加。小花蔓澤蘭在11月至12月爲花盛期，種子數量極多，每平方公尺覆蓋高達17萬粒。將蔓莖由近地表處切除，每月切一次，連續切三個月，可得到良好的除蔓效果。在夏季及秋季依此步驟可消除90•以上的小花蔓澤蘭植株，但在冬季及春季除蔓效果較差。藉19種植物進行相剋作用試驗，發現鳳凰木的葉及花對小花蔓澤蘭具有強烈植物毒性。覆蓋1-2g的鳳凰木葉粉或花瓣粉於土表，在三週內使小花蔓澤蘭小苗達75-90•的致死率。噴灑4•的鳳凰木葉部水萃取液在小花蔓澤蘭葉表也可造成高死亡率。此結果暗示或許可利用鳳凰木葉部及花瓣的相剋化學物質來做爲防治小花蔓澤蘭之除草劑。

關鍵字

相剋作用 ； 物候學 ； 雜草防治 ； 鳳凰木 ； 小花蔓澤蘭

並列摘要

Mikania micrantha H.B.K., an exotic aggressive climber, has infested many lowland forests and waste areas in Taiwan. This has become a serious ecological problem. In this study we monitored the phenology, reproductive characteristics, and shade-tolerance ability of M. micrantha and developed 2 methods to control the spread of this species. Shade experiments revealed that seedlings of M. micrantha can not survive in light-limited forest understory, but its root biomass increased significantly as light levels increased, indicating its shade-intolerant nature. Phenological observations showed that peak flowering of M. micrantha occurred in November and December with prolific seed production of 0.17×10^6/m^2 coverage. We developed an effective procedure to control M. micrantha by cutting the vines near the ground once a month for 3 consecutive months. By applying this procedure in summer and autumn, more than 90•of vines can be eliminated. However, this method was less effective during winter and spring. We also tested the allelopathic potential of 19 plants against M. micrantha seedlings and found that leaves and flowers of Delonix regia showed strong phytotoxicity against M. micrantha. Mulching 1-2 g of leaf or flower powder on the pot surface caused 75-90•mortality of M. micrantha seedlings within 3 weeks. Spreading a 4•aqueous extract of leaves of D. regia on leaves of M. micrantha seedlings also resulted in high mortality. These results reveal a potential control measure of using allelochemicals in leaves and flowers of D. regia as an potential control measure of using allelochemicals in leaves and flowers of D. regia as an herbicide to control this invasive climber.

並列關鍵字

allelopathy ； phenology ； weed control ； Delonix regia ； Mikania micrantha