政策論述與政策變遷的關聯性－批判取向的分析

The Association Between Policy Discourse and Policy Change

林水波(Shoei-po, Lin) ； 王崇斌(Chung-pin, Wang)

《台灣政治學刊》 3期 (1998/12) Pp. 245-273

https://doi.org/10.6683/TPSR.199812_(3).0005

摘要

本文的主旨在於探討政策論述在政策變遷過程中，所扮演的角色及地位。基本上，本文將政策變遷，視為是解構、建構及強化原本結構三股力量，在政策場域中相互運作的結果。而此三股力量，則往往具體地表現於政策過程中的行為者，所提出的各種論述之中。因此，本文認為，從政策論述的角度切入，是一個觀察及分析複雜政策變遷過程的可行途徑。本文亦建構政策變遷的四個類型：政策演化、政策工具、政策終止及政策成長，並分別探討它們各自的意涵及其受到各種流的影響。然而，本文認為政策論述的分析，不能只分析論述文本表面呈現的內容，而要從論述所鑲嵌的社會結構，政策場域中已提出的論述文本，論述者在政策網絡中所處的權力位置，被論述政策本身的發展及政策環境的演展情勢五方面，方能斷定論述所有權及主導權的歸屬，評估論述被接受的幅度，了解公共政策變遷的可能性、方向及內涵。

關鍵字

政策論述 ； 政策變遷 ； 政策演化 ； 政策終結 ； 政策接續 ； 政策成長 ； 文本 ； 政策網絡 ； 系絡 ； 論述窗

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to address the role and status of policy discourse in policy change. Basically, policy change is assumed to be the interactive effects of three streams of force: deconstruction, construction and strengthened original structure. These three streams of force are expressed by policy actors through policy discourses during the policy making process. Hence, the approach of policy discourse is ＂a feasible way to observe and analyze the complexity of policy change. Another focus of this paper is to construct four basic types of policy change: policy evolution, policy succession, policy termination and policy growth. Then we turn the direction of analysis to the definition of each type of policy change and the impact of different streams on each of them. However, the analysis of policy discourse not only needs to focus on the content of discourse texts, it also needs to identify its embedded social structure, available texts, the position of discourser in policy networks, the policy itself and its contextual evolution. These five factors will determine discourse ownership and leading status and the magnitude of discourse acceptance. Moreover, they lead the possibilities, direction and implication of policy change.

並列關鍵字

Policy discourse ； Policy change ； Policy evolution ； Policy termination ； Policy succession ； Policy growth ； Text ； Policy networks ； Discourse window

參考文獻

Baumgarther, F. R., Jones, B. D.(1993).Agenda and Instability in American Politics.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

Berger, P. L., Luckmann, T.(1966).The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge.New York:Anchor Books.

Chen, H. T.(1990).Theory-Driven Evaluation.Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications.

Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., Olsen, J. P.(1972).A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.Administration Science Quarterly.17(1)

Dryzek, J.(1990).Discursive Democracy: Politics, Policy and Political Science.New York:Cambridge University Press.