Is There a God?-An Examination of Anselm's Ontological Proof of God's Existence with Kant's Refutation

有一位神嗎？－對安瑟倫神存在的本體論證明及康得的批駁的考察

成靜(Jing Cheng)

《宗教哲學》 70期 (2014/12) Pp. 127-149

https://doi.org/10.6309/JORP.2014.12.70.127

摘要

康德否定了安瑟倫關於神存在的本體論證明的有效性，因為他認為“是”不是一個謂詞，只是一個係詞。可是普蘭丁格提出“是”是一個謂詞，只是這個謂詞比較特殊；它不能單獨做謂詞，而總是要和別的謂詞一道被使用。本文要論證的是，即使“是”是一個謂詞，由於它的特殊性，安瑟倫的本體論證明仍然不能成立。本文進一步提出一個嘗試性的論證以說明此類關於神存在的本體論證明不可能。其謬誤歸根結底在於它把（作為萬有之基礎的）神當作了一個存在於世界之中的客體。

關鍵字

神的存在 ； 本體論證明 ； “是” ； 安瑟倫 ； 康德

並列摘要

Kant refuted Anselm's ontological proof of God's existence by claiming that ＂being＂ is not a predicative word but only a link verb. Yet Alvin Plangtinga wants to say that ＂being＂ is a predicative word, though a special one. Unlike other predicative word, this one cannot predicate by itself but always has to have another predicate going along with itself. This article would like to argue that even if ＂being＂ is a predicative word, just because it is that kind of ＂special＂ predicative word as Plantinga has pointed out, Anselm's ontological proof of God's existence cannot stand. Further, an attempting effort is made to provide a proof that this kind of ＂proof of God's existence＂ is impossible. Its ultimate mistake lies in its treating God in line with other objects that exist in this world.

並列關鍵字

God's existence ； ontological proof ； ＂being,＂ Anselm ； Kant