國際優秀競技體操選手的分布區域與技術能力

Regional Distribution and Technical Skills of Elite International Artistic Gymnast

林高正(Kao-Cheng Lin) ； 陳嘉遠(Jia-Yuan Chen) ； 陳光輝(Kuang-Hui Chen)

《大專體育》 146期 (2018/09) Pp. 32-39

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.201809_146.0004

摘要

競技體操是全球性綜合運動賽會必辦項目之一，由於競技體操動作能呈現力與美之技術特性因而深受觀眾們的喜愛。彙整相關研究文獻後發現目前仍缺乏不同區域國際優秀競技體操選手分布的情況，故本文目的是針對此一部分來進行探討。所得結果得知將東、西歐區域男、女子競技選手人數合併計算，兩者在2017年世界競技體操錦標賽個人全能決賽及單項決賽中各占整體54.17%及46.25%，故整體而言，歐洲仍是現階段競技體操發展較為全面且成熟之區域。從階段性發展趨勢瞭解到，南美區域男子競技選手仍具備執行各專項高難度動作技術能力，但是在成套動作穩定性及動作技術缺失部分出現較大瑕疵影響獲得之實施分。另外，東歐區域女子競技選手在跳馬、平衡木及地板等項目中完成高難度動作技術的能力已無法跟上西歐、北美及東亞等區域選手發展的速度，當高難度動作技術落後時便無法獲得較高的難度分。而上述原因降低南美區域男子競技選手及東歐區域女子競技選手進入單項決賽之機會，也導致國際優秀競技體操選手分布情況出現轉移的現象。

關鍵字

個人全能決賽 ； 單項決賽 ； 實施分 ； 難度分

並列摘要

Artistic gymnastic is one of the events in an integrated sports event. Because its movements demonstrate human physical strength and aesthetics in motion, it is beloved by spectators. After examining related literature, the authors found an uneven distribution of elite international artistic gymnasts across regions of the world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regional distribution of these gymnasts. The results demonstrate that the collective total number of Eastern and Western European gymnasts entering the all-around finals and apparatus finals of the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships accounted for 54.17% and 46.25% of all male and female competitors respectively. Hence, the development of artistic gymnastics is relatively comprehensive and mature in Europe. From the staged development trend, although South American male artistic gymnasts can master various high difficulty event movements, their execution scores were lower due to defects in the stability of their routines and significant technical problems in some individual movements. Furthermore, female artistic gymnasts from Eastern Europe are unable to catch up with those of Western Europe, North America and East Asia in the techniques for high difficulty movements in the vault, balance beam and floor. Since they could not master the techniques for high difficulty movements, they were unable to attain higher difficulty scores. These factors also contributed to the failure of male gymnasts from South America and female gymnasts from Eastern Europe to enter the apparatus finals, as well as the shift in the regional distribution of elite international artistic gymnasts.

並列關鍵字

all-around finals ； apparatus finals ； execution score ； difficulty score

參考文獻

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