不同禽畜糞堆肥的施用對土壤肥力及苦瓜生育的影響

Soil Fertility and the Growth of Bitter Gourd Affected by the Application of Different Composted Animal Manures

吳添益(Tian-Yih Wu) ； 陳仁炫(Jen Hshuan Chen)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 42卷4期 (2004/08) Pp. 242-250

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.2004.032

摘要

禽畜糞堆肥的使用具有養分再利用及減輕環境衝擊的雙重功效，惟其對土壤品質及作物生育的影響，常因堆肥種類和管理方式的不同而異。本研究係採用設施栽培方式，以嫁接苦瓜苗（月華品系）為品種材料，在苗栗縣苑裡（黏板岩非石灰性沖積土，水汴頭系，TSp2）試驗田，分別施用三種不同資材經堆肥化過程而生成之禽畜糞堆肥（雞糞堆肥、牛糞堆肥和牛豬糞肥），並與施用化學肥料及不施任何肥料的對照組處理比較之，以評估不同來源及組成的有機質肥料對土壤肥力與苦瓜生育及品質產量之影響。結果表示，在設施栽培制度下，三種不同來源之禽畜糞堆肥和化學肥料的施用均具有提昇土壤Bray-1磷、交換性鈣和鉀溫度及降低苦瓜畸型果百分率的功效，而堆肥之施用另具有增進土壤中有機質含量和交換性能的效應，進而增進苦瓜的生育和產量，其中又以雞糞堆肥和牛糞堆肥的施用在增進苦瓜產量的效果較佳。施用牛豬糞堆肥的處理，由於每區總果數及果粒重均低於施用其他堆肥和化學肥料的處理，故產量相對指數較低，唯牛豬糞堆肥的施用在降低苦瓜畸型果和根部根瘤感染率的效果卻較佳。

關鍵字

苦瓜 ； 禽畜糞肥 ； 土壤肥力

並列摘要

Nutrient cyclying and pollution reduction are two benefits of using composted animal manures; however, their effects on soil quality and crop growth usually depend on the kinds of composts and the management practices used. In this study, a culture with bitter gourd seedlings (Momordica charantia L.) was conducted in a field (clay slate noncalcareous alluvial soil, Tsp2), located in Wanli, Miaoli. There kinds of composted animal manure (chicken compost, cattle compost, and cattle-hog compost) as well as chemical fertilizer were applied to different treatment plots to investigate and compare their effects on soil fertility and the growth, and on the quality of bitter gourd. One check treatment was also conducted. Results showed that the contents of Bray-1 p, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable K increased, and that the percentage of miss-formed fruit decreased with the addition of the three composts and chemical fertilizer. In additional, the contents of organic matter and exchangeable Mg, and the growth of bitter gourd improved when the compost treatments were used, especially the treatments with chicken compost and cattle compost. The relative yield index was lower under the cattle-hog compost treatment due to the lower fruit number per plot and the weight per fruit, but the reducing effects on the percentage of miss-formed fruit and the level of nematode infection were better with this treatment.

並列關鍵字

Bitter gourd ； Composted animal manures ； Soil fertility