運動、營養與老人跌倒

Exercise, Nutrition and Falls in Elderly People

鄭景峰(Ching-Feng Cheng) ； 林惠美(Hui-Mei Lin)

《北體學報》 12期 (2004/08) Pp. 63-72

https://doi.org/10.6167/TPEC/2004.12.5

摘要

跌倒是造成老年人死亡與受傷的一大主因。目前的研究已經證實在老年族群中，關於維持身體平衡的生理系統會隨著年齡的增加而改變。其中，肌肉與骨骼隨著年齡的變化，增加了老年人跌倒的風險。完整的跌倒風險因子的復健模式，顯示了可供介入的層面，而這些介入將有助於扭轉跌倒的風險因子。規律運動（例如平衡訓練、步態練習與阻力訓練）以及均衡飲食（例如蛋白質、鈣質、鐵質、葉酸、維生素B群與維生素D），可作為預防跌倒以及預防因跌倒而骨折的方法之一。

關鍵字

運動 ； 營養 ； 跌倒 ； 老年人

並列摘要

Falls are a major source of death and injury in elderly people. Age-related changes in the physiological systems (somatosensory, vestibular and visual) which contribute to the maintenance of balance are well documented in older adults. These changes coupled with age-related changes in muscle and bone are likely to contribute to an increased risk of falls in this population. The integrated rehabilitation-based model of fall risk factors reveals multiple sites for interventions that may reverse fall risk factors. Regular exercise (e.g., balance training, gait practice and strength training) and balanced diets (e.g., protein, calcium, iron, folic acid, vitamin B groups and vitamin D) may be the ways of preventing falls and fall-related fractures.

並列關鍵字

exercise ； nutrition ； fall ； elderly people

參考文獻

Campbell, A. J.,Roberton, M. C.,Gardner, M. M.,Norton, R. N.,Buchner, D. M.(1999).Pshchotropic medicine withdrawal and a home-based exercise program to prevent falls: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.47,850-853.

Carter, N. D.,Kannus, P.,Khan, K. M.(2001).Exercise in the prevention of falls in older people: a systematic literature review examining the rationale and the evidence.Sports Medicine.31,427-438.

Courtney, A.,Wachtel, E.,Myers, E.,Hayes, W. C.(1994).Effects of loading rate on strength of the proximal femur.Calcified Tissue International.55,53-58.

Grisso, J. A.,Kelsey, J. L.,Strom, B. L.,Chiu, G. Y.,Maislin, G.,O`Brien, L. A.,Hoffman, S.,Kaplan, F.(1991).Risk factors for falls as a cause of hip fractures in women. The northeast hip fracture study group.The New England Journal of Medicine.324,1326-1331.

Hurley, B. F.,Roth, S. M.(2000).Strength training in the elderly: effects on risk factors for age-related diseases.Sports Medicine.30,249-268.