《維摩詰經•入不二法門品》「三階論」詮釋架構的商榷

傳統對《維摩詰經•入不二法門品》中三十三位菩薩，傳達他們「入不二法門」的內涵詮釋，多將之分爲三層次說明：首由法自在至樂實等三十一位菩薩「言說不二」，是第一層；文殊「以言止言」是第二層；維摩詰「默然無言」是第三層；由低而高，始淺終深，此即所謂「三階論」。以如此架構理解〈入不二法門品〉，爲傳統注家主軸，但能否契合原經義，實有不安，故今論之。本文嘗試說明「三階論」如此理解之因；「三階論」內容及其困難？是否有其他方式可解決「三階論」所要解決之問題？最後說明此三類型的回答方式，實可依玄奘之譯文，使其言說體例與義理內涵獲得一致性，而無需透過「三階論」以爲彌合。如此的解決或較屬恰當。

關鍵字

入不二法門品；三階論；不二；維摩詰經

並列摘要

Traditional interpretations of the ”Non-duality Dharma Door” Section of the Vimalakirtinirdesa-Sutra often focus on the three approaches as rendered in ”Non-duality Dharma Door” From the thirty-three bodhisattva's discourse on verbal representation of the attainment of enlightenment to Manjusri-Baddha emphasis on the use of words to stop words, the ultimate approach to enlightenment is a teaching of silence that focuses on the non-verbal way of communication as taught by We Mo Je. The interpretation above has been employed by most traditional scholars, but it should be reexamined to make sure that the original texts really mean so. The paper will focus on why the ”Three Approaches” has been interpreted this way. Is it possible to go through these three approaches without difficulty? And most importantly, is there other ways of interpretation of the sutra? Finally, the relationship between this traditional way of reading and Mast X'uanzang's Chinese translation will be scrutinized in order to achieve a cohesive view of the verbal discourse and significance. The sutra should be understood by itself without the help of these approaches of interpretation.