以「禪」解老析論

「佛老會通」開啟了「以佛解老」，而「以禪解老」乃「以佛解老」的主要形式之一。本文以宋．邵若愚《道德真經直解》、元．李道純《道德會元》、元．張嗣成《道德真經章句訓頌》、元．陳致虛《道德經轉語》、明．蔣融庵《道德真經頌》，以及清．德園子《道德經證》等六書，作為「以禪解老」的代表作，依序分析其註解觀點。本文發現，他們多重應用了著名的禪宗語錄，分別將禪宗的重要思想引入《老子》篇章的詮釋之中，進行另類的學術創造，這對於學術思想的多元發展，當有其正價意義。但值得注意的是，他們會通禪老的作法，輒見牽強附會者，許多註文與《老子》原義失於有機連繫，甚至有的是風馬牛不相及。

關鍵字

以禪解老；禪宗語錄；禪宗思想；《老子》

並列摘要

”Mutual linkage between Buddhism and Laoism” has opened the way to the ”interpretation of Laoism by Buddhism. ” And the ”interpretation of Laoism by Zen” is one of the major forms of ”interpretation of Laoism by Buddhism. ” Taking six books, including Shao Ruoyu's Direct Interpretation of Daoist True Scriptures of Song Dynasty, Li Daochun's Collected Studies of Daoist Scriptures at the end of Song Dynasty and in early Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Sicheng's Admonitions and Praises in the Chapters and Speeches of Daoist True Scriptures of Yuan Dynasty, Chen Zhixu's Indirect Speeches of Daoist Scriptures of Yuan Dynasty, Jiang Rongan's Praises of Daoist True Scriptures of Ming Dynasty, and Deyuanzi's Proofs of Daoist Scriptures of Qing Dynasty as the representative works of the ”interpretation of Laoism by Zen, ” this study analyzes their footnote viewpoints work by work. This paper discovers that most of them stress the application of famous quotations of Zen. The authors of these works mingle the important thinking of Zen with the interpreted chapters of Laoism, and then undergo alternative academic creation. This act has positive value and meaning to the diversified development of academic thinking. But there is one thing worthy of our attention that their linking Laoism to Zen are mostly farfetched and given strained interpretation. The interpretations always have weak connection with the original meanings of Laoism. Some of the interpretations of Zen even have absolutely nothing to do with Laoism.