球類運動有著節奏快速且極具開放性的特色,如何找出運動員在複雜比賽中的規律與恆定性,一直是令運動科學人員感興趣的課題。觀察運動員的表現並提供客觀可靠的回饋是運動教練的職責之一,而將運動表現進行量化的目的,在於客觀地評量選手在運動競賽中的表現,減少教練主觀印象造成的偏見,以正確衡量球員價值及戰術和訓練計畫的執行效能,同時建構運動競賽專業領域的知識。本文以球類運動爲範疇,從比賽層次、資料種類、及分析方法等面向,探討對運動技戰術分析研究應注意之有關議題。綜合文獻探討的結果,發現大部分研究結果仍侷限在基本技術與應用技術的層面上,但若能克服資料選用、分析方法及研究目的等議題,球類運動競賽的戰術分析研究,對競技運動表現的提升,及增進了解競賽科學的知識,具有相當的貢獻與潛力。本文以探討從事球類運動競賽技戰術研究時需考量的因素,希望對未來有關運動競賽技戰術分析研究的發展有所助益。
Many competitive events such as ball games are characterized with speed and open skills. It has always been a challenge for sport specialists to identify the regularity and invariant behaviors in game situations. Training is one of the coach's responsibilities. In order to enhance the training efficiency, coaches should not only rely on the intuition from the past experience but also the adoption of a more systematic approach associated with scientific analysis following the advances of information technology. The purposes of quantifying sport performance are to evaluate the players' performance objectively and to accumulate the knowledge in sport competitions. This research explored relevant issues in match analyses from different aspects such as defining the skill level, identifying the research questions, selecting the appropriate observables, applying reasonable quantification and statistical methods. The results showed that the majority of the studies in match analysis were still focused on the basic and applied individual techniques. However, if the researchers can identify the goal of the study, and overcome the issues such as data selection and methods of analyses, a higher level of tactic analyses in ball game has a potential to contribute to improve the performance and further the understanding of the science of ball games. It is our hope that the results of this research will help to promote future research development in match analyses.