台灣蝴蝶蘭產業以台南市為核心之群聚與創新的螺旋發展

The Spiral Development of Cluster and Innovation for Tainan City, the Center of Taiwan's Phalaenopsis Industry

蔡漢生(Han-Sheng Tsai) ； 吳連賞(Lien-Shang Wu)

《華岡地理學報》 32期 (2017/09) Pp. 1-26

摘要

產業聚集的探索一直是經濟地理研究的重要傳統。我們認為產業群聚與創新之間透過路徑依賴而產生互為主從關係的循環回饋作用，形成螺旋式的發展歷史，導致群聚更為專業化和地方化，使群聚具有產業、歷史和地理的特徵。而本文為了應證台灣蝴蝶蘭產業存在群聚與創新的螺旋發展，透過產業實察、蒐集官方統計資料和其它次級資料，以做為本文的觀察、分析和證明。本文發現：台灣蝴蝶蘭產業以台南市為核心的群聚現象，除了氣候的優勢、業者的合作需求與創新所促成外，得助於三次關鍵性創新：一是台糖於1980年代在台南市後壁區的烏樹林糖廠成功量產蝴蝶蘭，其技術與商業模式創新成為新創業者學習典範的外溢效應；二是改制前的台南縣政府結合民間組織舉辦國際蘭展以行銷蘭花產業，從而產生蝴蝶蘭原產地的地方品牌效應；三是在台南市後壁區建設更具產業磁吸效應的台灣蘭花生技園區，帶動該產業的創新轉型。這三次創新在台灣的農業發展史上都屬創舉，逐步將該產業與地方經濟發展連結成共生的意象和實踐，促成群聚更集中且更專業化，台南市因而成為該產業的產銷中心，同時贏得代表該產業之創新中心的「蘭花谷」美名。

關鍵字

創新 ； 群聚 ； 蝴蝶蘭 ； 地方品牌

並列摘要

The exploration of industrial cluster is always an important tradition in economic geography studieThe explors. We think that industrial cluster and innovations become master-slave relationship between the feedback loop effects through path dependence and form spiral development history. It leads to the cluster more specialized and localized and let the cluster have industry, history and geography features. In order to verify if there exists spiral development of cluster and innovations for Taiwan's Phalaenopsis industry, this study uses industrial fieldwork, official statistics data and other secondary data to observe, analyze and prove the phenomenon. This study finds that Taiwan's Phalaenopsis industry is based on Tainan city as the core of cluster phenomenon. Besides the advantages of climate and industry cooperation demand and innovation, there are three key innovations: the first innovation is that TSC's sugar refinery located at the Ho-bi district in Tainan city has mass production Phalaenopsis in the 1980s. The technology and business model innovation of the refinery become the learning spillover effect for new entrepreneurs. The second is that Tainan city government holds International Orchid Exhibition with civil society organizations to market Phalaenopsis industry to create local brand effect of Phalaenopsis original production area. The third is that the government built a more industrial magnet effect orchid biotechnology park at the Ho-bi district to drive innovation and transformation of the industry. These three innovations are pioneering work in the agricultural development history of Taiwan. Gradually, the industry and local economic development are combined into a symbiotic imagery and practice and contributes the cluster more centralized and more specialized. Hence, Tainan city becomes the Phalaenopsis production and sales center and wins the title of ＂Orchid Valley＂ representing the innovation center of phalaenopsis industry.

並列關鍵字

Innovation ； Cluster ； Path-Dependence ； Phalaenopsis

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