青帶鳳蝶(Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer)之形態及生活史

Morphology and life history of Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer

洪榆宸(Yu-Chen Hung) ； 陳素瓊(Su-Chiung Chen)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 預刊文章 Pp. 51-69

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2016.12.14

摘要

本試驗探討青帶鳳蝶(Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer)(鱗翅目：鳳蝶科)外部形態和生活史。在網室中採集青帶鳳蝶當日產的卵，置於25 ± 1℃、80 ± 5％ RH及光週期14L : 10D生長箱中，以樟樹(Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb.)葉片單隻飼育幼蟲至羽化為成蝶，每日觀察其形態和生活史變化。其結果顯示，卵為球狀型，光滑具珍珠般色澤，卵期平均為3.64 ± 0.65日；幼蟲身體的顏色隨著齡期的增加由黑褐色轉為翠綠色，蟲體的枝刺變化也隨著齡期增加而有所改變，而第五齡期在後胸背面出現明顯的黃色橫條，幼蟲期總平均為27.82 ± 2.97日；蛹體顏色與黃色稜線搭配如寄主植物葉片，可躲避天敵之侵擾，蛹期平均為15.71 ± 0.69日，蛹重平均為1.04 ± 0.12 g；本種成蝶平均翅長、翅寬及重量，分別為40.96 ± 1.55、34.17 ± 1.25 mm及0.36 ± 0.06 g。卵發育至羽化為成蟲平均需47.18 ± 3.16日。雖然雌、雄蝶成蟲形態相似，但仍發現青帶鳳蝶會因性別的不同而影響生長表現，如雌蝶從卵至成蟲之發育時間比雄蝶長3.65日，而雌蝶在蛹重、成蟲重量、翅長及翅寬皆較雄蝶重且大。

關鍵字

青帶鳳蝶(Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer) ； 形態 ； 生活史 ； 樟樹(Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb.)

並列摘要

The study was performed to collect the basic biological information, external morphological description and life history, of Graphium sarpedon connectens Fruhstorfer (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Fresh eggs of Graphium sarpedon connectens were collected from leaves of host in a net room. Fresh eggs were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 25℃, 80 ± 5％ RH, and with a photoperiod of 14-h of light and 10-h of darkness. Hatched larvae were individually reared with leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb. for a series of observations of morphology and larval development. Results show that eggs to hatch was 3.64 ± 0.65 days on average, eggs are spherical and smooth with a pearl-like luster. The larval stage was 27.82 ± 2.97 days on average, color change of larval stage with the increase of instar turned from dark brown to emerald green, the scolus change of larvae was vary with instar increased, and the dorsal of thorax 3 of 5^(th) instar appeared obvious a yellow stripe. The pupa stage was 15.71 ± 0.69 days on average, pupa weight was in average 1.04 ± 0.12 g, pupa color collocated yellow ridges such as host plant leaves, to avoid the predators. The means of wing length, wing width and weight of adults were 40.96 ± 1.55 mm, 34.17 ± 1.25 mm and 0.36 ± 0.06 g, egg to adult emergence was 47.18 ± 3.16 days on average. Although male and female adult butterflies are morphologically similar, but differences on growth performance of Graphium sarpedon connectens between sexes, were observable, such as from egg to adult the developmental time of females spend 3.65 days longer than the males, and females in pupal weight, weight adult ,wing length and wing width are higher and larger than the males.

並列關鍵字

Great mormon (Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer) ； semi-synthetic artificial diet ； pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) ； growth and development ； biological characters