盧照鄰病後之自我身心治療過程

The Physical and Psychological Self-Therapy from the Experience of Lu Zhaolin's Illness

何騏竹(Chi-Chu Ho)

《淡江中文學報》 31期 (2014/12) Pp. 91-137

https://doi.org/10.6187/tkujcl.201412.31-4

摘要

疾病降臨為生命與思想帶來改變，初唐詩人盧照鄰就是一個典型的研究對象。盧照鄰一生以患病為分界，病前胸懷大志、滿腹才氣，縱使沉迹下僚，也始終對未來保持著熱忱與期待。染病之後，於長安洛陽問醫養病，後臥疾太白山、東龍門山，徙具茨山，與病魔纏鬥許久，終不堪其苦，投水自溺。然盧照鄰輕生之舉並非即刻，乃與惡疾糾結多年，在受苦的歷程中發展出對生命意義與真實自我更深層的體悟，療助自身以面對疾病與死亡。且盧照鄰身處在道、佛兩教盛行的唐代，思想浸潤其中，兼具儒家入世建功、道家出世無為、道教煉丹長生與佛家自性解脫，形成豐富的價值取向。而本文將以盧照鄰詩文為研究對象，區分其生命為病前／初病／病廢三期，考察盧照鄰在惡疾的催勵下，儒、釋、道思想於其身心所起的轉化與治療作用，當他奮力向上擴出一精神自由空間，病痛的襲擊又讓他墮入真實的病體知覺中，臨終前雖展現靈光乍現之悟道成果，然最終深層內在的轉化並未全幅落實，即便如此，其過程可貴之處即在，於數度癒合與破壞間，質樸真實的展現人類面對慢性惡疾的矛盾與掙扎，構成獨一無二之身心治療過程。

關鍵字

盧照鄰 ； 惡疾 ； 自我治療 ； 疾病書寫

並列摘要

The illness brings the change to the attitude of life. The poet from the early T'ang Dynasty, Lu Zhaolin (盧照鄰), who was a studied object of typical case. The illness was the boundary that separated his dream and realistic life. He was filled with ambition to become a remarkable intellectual and a great politician when he was in a good healthy condition. During his illness, he had many treatments from many doctors in Chang-An (長安) and Luo-Yang (洛陽). After he arrived Tai-Bai mountain (太白山)and Dong-Long-Men mountain (東龍門山), his condition became worse than before. Finally, he moved to Ju-Ci mountain (具茨山)and always got entangled in his serious disease. At the end, he committed suicide himself by throwing himself into the river. However, Lu Zhaolin did not-immediately-make the final decision to suicide. He had suffered from the Ugly-Disease (惡疾)for many years. He developed a deeper understanding about the meaning of life and true himself, in order to heal himself mentally in the illness process. At the same time, Lu Zhaolin learned the thoughts and concept of both Buddhism and Taoism in T'ang Dynasty, which was prevailed over the time. He soaked and fostered himself in the concept of the beliefs and religion, including the achievement of Confucianism, Detached (Chu Shi, 出世) and Inaction (Wu Wei, 無為) of Taoist Philosophy, make pills of immortality of Taoist religion, Nirvana of Buddhism. There for, the article was taken Lu Zhaolin's poem as the research object. We will define three stages: before illness, primary-illness and serious-illness. The therapy and the life-attitude were transformed by the beliefs of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which were examined in the article. Once he reached a spiritual condition that the mind and the body were separated, on the other hand, the painful attack would bring him back to the realistic life. At the end, he could not complete the self-therapy. However, the unique therapy process was expressed by truly facing the chronic illness and struggling that is between the confusion and the frustration.

並列關鍵字

Lu Zhaolin ； Ugly-Disease ； Self-Therapy ； The Writing of Illness

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