武術套路太極拳騰空擺蓮360°接提膝獨立之動作分析

目的：本研究目的在探討太極拳選手操作騰空擺蓮360ﾟ接提膝獨立中，影響動作能否成功的相關因素。方法：大專男子組八位太極拳選手參與本研究。使用紅外線高速攝影機搭配動作分析系統及測力板進行動作數據的蒐集。每位選手完成10次動作，並依三位裁判觀看錄影帶的裁決判定每次動作是否成功。動作分析參數包括騰空高度、起跳爆發力、踢起腿擊響時間與重心最高點時間差、空中重心垂直位移量、踢起腿的方向與速度、落地時重心的水平位移量、起跳髖關節和膝關節啟動時間差。以曼－惠特尼U考驗比較8位選手中成功率高的群體（n=4）和成功率低的群體（n=4）的基本資料，以及兩組在各個動作參數穩定性的差異。因選手人數較少，每個動作參數被分為若干等級並以卡方檢定檢測8位選手80次動作中動作成功（33次）及動作失敗（47次）兩個類別與各個動作參數每個等級的分配次數是否有關聯。結果：成功率高組的體重及年資較成功率低組多，成功率高組在騰空重心高度、起腿方向、踢起腿擊響時間與重心最高點時間差這些參數的一致性較成功率低組高。卡方檢定顯示動作成功的騰空重心高度較動作失敗的騰空重心高度高。結論：除了體重及年資可能產生的影響，動作成功必須有適當的騰空重心高度，找到適合自己本身能成功的跳法後，應加強練習讓每次動作的一致性提升以提高成功率。

關鍵字

武術難度；單腳落地；生物力學

並列摘要

Purpose: To explore the factors that may affect the successful rate of performing lotus kick with 360˚ twist followed by one knee raised landing in taijiquan athletes. Methods: Eight college level of taijiquan athletes participated in this study. A high speed infrared camera system was synchronized with a force plate for data collection and motion analysis. Each athlete required to perform 10 times of the designated movement. Whether each of the performance was successful or not was decided by three national-level referees. Biomechanical variables analyzed in this study included jump height, jump power, time difference between the moment of slamming the kicking leg and the moment of center of mass (COM) reaching the highest point, vertical displacement of the COM, direction and speed of the kicking leg, horizontal displacement of the COM after landing, and the time difference between the moments of the hip and knee joint movement start. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the differences in demographic data and the variability of each biomechanical variable between 4 athletes with higher successful rate and 4 athletes with lower successful rate. Due to the sample size in this study was small, each biomechanical variable was categorized into several levels. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine whether there were significant relationships between successful (33 times)/unsuccessful (47 times) jumps and the count distribution of different levels in each biomechanical variable. Results: The group with higher successful rate had heavier body weight and longer practicing experience. They also had less variability in the variables of jump height, time difference between the moment of slamming the kicking leg and the moment of COM reaching the highest point, and direction of the kicking leg. Chi-square tests revealed that successful jumps had greater jump height than unsuccessful jumps. Conclusion: In addition to the body weight and practicing experience that may affect the successful rate of performing the lotus kick in this study, taijiquan athletes can try to increase their jump height and to improve the consistency of their own jump movements to increase their successful rate.