中國大陸的天然災害及其預警策略

Natural Hazards and the Early Warning Strategies in Mainland China

陳正改(Joe, C. K. Cheni)

《中華防災學刊》 11卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 45-58

摘要

中國大陸是世界上天然災害最嚴重的少數幾個國家之一。其主要的天災有：氣象災害、地震災害、地質災害、海洋災害、生物災害和森林火災等六大類；每年約有2億人受到影響，直接的經濟損失高達人民幣3,000億元，此災損且有日益加劇的趨勢。為了減緩天災的直接衝擊，以保障國民的福祉及生命財產的安全，進而維護國家整體經濟的發展，自2008年四川汶川大地震之後，中國大陸相關部門即對地震和颱風等天災的監測、預報及預警等系統，投入相當可觀的人力、物力及財力予以研發和建置，至今已有顯著的成就。有鑒於臺灣和中國大陸同是氣象和地震災害頻發的地區，期望未來海峽兩岸的氣象與地震科學家和從業人員能再互助合作，共同致力「防災」及「災防」領域的研發工作，進而推動「亞洲天災預警系統網」的建置，一起善盡國際社會一份子的責任，將人類帶往更安全、更幸福、更富裕的祥和境界。

關鍵字

天然災害 ； 風險 ； 颱風 ； 地震 ； 預警系統 ； 預警策略

並列摘要

The Chinese mainland is one of the areas in the world most influenced by natural disasters. Six major types of hazards, which are meteorological disaster, earthquake, geological disaster, marine calamity, biological disaster and forest-fire, affect approximately 200 million people each year, causing a direct economic loss as high as 300 billion RMB. The damage is growing as time goes by. In order to slow down the impact caused by the aforementioned natural hazards, considerable manpower and physical/financial resources have been invested to establish monitoring and forecasting systems as well as early warning systems of earthquakes, typhoons and other disasters right after the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. Since then, significant progress has been made. Both Taiwan and Mainland China are frequently struck by meteorological disasters and earthquakes. Meteorologists and earthquake scientists from these two areas shall be cooperating closely on＂ weather disaster prevention＂ and ＂natural hazard mitigation＂ in order to refine the network of ＂Asian Early Warning Systems＂ together.

並列關鍵字

Natural disaster ； risk ； typhoon ； earthquake ； early warning system ； early warning