Length of Residence and Tone Production in Learners of Chinese as a Second Language

居住第二語當地時間之長短與中文聲調發音習得之關聯性

洪茂盛(Mao-Sheng Hung)

《Hwa Kang English Journal》 21卷 (2015/12) Pp. 35-58

https://doi.org/10.3966/221880882015122101002

摘要

本研究旨在探索學習中文為第二語之國際學生在第二語當地居留之時間長短與其在中文聲調上發音之精確度之間的相關性。一共有40 位在台灣北部某一所大學學習中文的外籍生參與此研究。所有這些研究對象首先被要求填寫一份語言學習背景之問卷，然後再接受一項中文聲調發音之測試。測試的結果與問卷所蒐集到的資料經由皮爾森積差相關係數之分析發現，居留第二語當地時間上的長短與這些外籍生在中文聲調上的表現並無顯著關係。此外，本研究還發現，中文中的第三聲對於外國的學習者來講是最難習得的。

關鍵字

居留時間之長短 ； 韻律 ； 聲調 ； 發音 ； 學習中文為第二語 ； 第二語習得

並列摘要

This study investigated the relationship between CSL learners’ length of residence (LOR) in the target country (i.e., Taiwan) and their accuracy in producing Chinese tones. In addition, it attempted to determine the relative productive difficulty of the tones for the learners. A total of 40 international students who learned Chinese as a second language at a university in northern Taiwan were recruited to participate in the research. All of the participants were first asked to fill in a language background questionnaire, after which they received a pronunciation test that required them to read into a tape recorder 20 Chinese characters with an equal distribution over four tones. The recordings of the participants were evaluated by three native speakers of Mandarin Chinese who majored in Chinese at university. After relevant data were collected, Pearson Product-Moment Correlations and a One-Way ANOVA were utilized to analyze them. The statistical results showed no significant correlations of LOR to the participants’ production of the Chinese tones but did find a significant difference among the mean scores for the tones. Consequently, the study concluded that with respect to Chinese tones, LOR does not play a critical role in second language acquisition of production of prosody. Moreover, it suggested that among the four Chinese tones, the 3^(rd) tone poses the most difficulty for foreign learners to acquire.

並列關鍵字

Length of Rresidence (LOR) ； Prosody ； Tones ； Production ； Chinese as A Second Language (CSL) ； Second Language Acquisition

參考文獻

Baker, W.,Trofimovich, P.(2006).Perceptual paths to accurate production of L2 vowels: The role of individual differences.International Review of Applied Linguistics.44(3),231-250.

Brown, H. D.(2000).Principles of language learning and teaching.New York:Addison Wesley Longman, Inc..

Cebrian, J.(2006).Experience and the use of non-native duration in L2 vowel categorization.Journal of Phonetics.34,372-387.

Celce-Murcia, M.,Brinton, D. M.,Goodwin, J. M.(1996).Teaching pronunciation: A reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Crystal, D.(1981).Clinical linguistics.New York:Harper Press.