跆拳道教練領導行為與選手競賽壓力之關係研究

Relationship between Taekwondo Coaches' Leadership Behavior and Players' Competition Pressure

陳維智(Wei-Chili Chen) ； 周桂名(Kuei-Ming Chou) ； 賴慶忠(Ching-Chung Lai) ； 乃慧芳(Hui-Fang Nai)

《身體活動與運動科學學刊》 1卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 57-66

https://doi.org/10.29817/JPAES.201206.0006

摘要

背景：近年來有關教練領導行為之研究，大多著重於探討運動員滿意度或團隊凝聚力之相關議題；目的：探討跆拳道教練領導行為與選手競賽壓力關係。方法：針對2009年全國中等學校運動會跆拳道項目高中男子及女子團體前四名之所有選手為施測對象進行調查，回收有效樣本233份，以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數及迴歸等方式進行分析；結果：本研究主要發現，1.跆拳道選手競賽壓力依序為特質性焦慮、比賽結果、環境、觀眾、教練及隊友影響。2.「被動例外管理」及「個別化關懷」領導行為使選手明顯感受因教練影響所造成之競賽壓力。3.每週不同訓練天數且是一天練習時間的選手在個別化關懷行為之知覺呈現顯著差異。4.被動例外管理行為會使選手明顯感受來自環境、隊友、特質性焦慮及比賽結果影響所造成之競賽壓力，而個別化關懷行為則會明顯造選手在環境、觀眾及特質性焦慮部分之影響。結論：依據研究結果，教練影響是造成選手競賽壓力的主要來源之一，而教練的領導行為則以「被動例外管理」及「個別化關懷」因素最為顯著，並明顯影響各項造成選手競賽壓力之因素。

關鍵字

被動例外管理 ； 個別化關懷 ； 教練影響

並列摘要

Background: In recent years, most studies in the coaches' leadership behavior focused on satisfaction of athletes or the issues of team cohesion. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between Taekwondo coaches' leadership behavior and players' competition pressure. Methods: Participants were 233 high school Taekwondo players of the top four male and female teams at the 2009 National Secondary School Games. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent-sample t test, oneway ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: The findings were as follows. First, the Taekwondo players' competition pressure was in order from trait anxiety, competition results, environment, audience, coaches, and teammates. Second, the leadership behavior of passive-exceptional management and individualized consideration affected players' consciousness of pressure from coaches directly. Third, there were significant differences in awareness of coaches' individualized consideration among the athletes with different training days per week and different training hours per day. Fourth, the leadership behavior of passive-exceptional management affected players' consciousness of pressure from environment, teammates, trait anxiety, and competition results. The leadership behavior of individualized consideration affected players' consciousness of pressure from environment, audience, and trait anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the findings and related literature, the conclusions were that the coach was one of players' competition pressure and the passive-exceptional management and individualized consideration affected players' competition pressure.

並列關鍵字

passive-exceptional management ； individualized consideration ； players' competition pressure from coaches