人性與文化價值的塑造

A Study on Human Nature and the Formation of Cultural Values in Taiwan

林美香(Mei-Hsiang Lin)

《慈濟通識教育學刊》 6期 (2010/12) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.6755/TCJGE.201012.0001

摘要

所謂文化價值，乃人類文化內涵中無形的思想價值觀，亦即人們社會裡對於是非、對錯、好壞判斷的重要依據。文化價值之型塑所依據的因素，主要者，除了人們生存的共同環境因素與背景之外，思想哲學中不同人性本質的假設與擇取，亦有其無可忽略的重要影響。
本文針對中西文化之型塑，所依據的不同人性基本內涵予以研究。主要從人性的意涵，人性假設與推論方式之分辨，以及人性假設與文化價值塑造之關係等方面切入，分析傳統中國儒家思想與近代西方理性文化，二者所根據的不同人性思想或主張。研究之目的在於，透過思想上的分析與明辨，瞭解不同的人性論述，在文化價值之型塑與發展上，所產生的重要影響。藉本文之說明與探討，呈現傳統中國與近代西方兩種不同文化價值的本質，以及受西方文化影響之後，我們國家社會所面臨之種種問題。

關鍵字

人性 ； 先天人性 ； 後天人性 ； 文化價值 ； 傳統中國儒家思想 ； 近代西方理性文化

並列摘要

Cultural value, an invisible thinking value aspect in contents of humans' culture, serves as a basis for human societies to judge right or wrong and good or bad. Cultural value is principally formed based on the factors of the common environment and background in which human beings exist. Besides, assumptions and choices of different human natures made by thinkers and philosophiers wield some unneglectable effect.
The present work aims at different human natures based on which Chinese and Western cultures have formed. First, we explored contents of humanity, assumptions and inferences about human nature, and relations between human assumptions and cultural values. Then, we analyzed different thinkings or views on humanity by China's Confucianism and the West's rational culture in modem times. The purpose was to understand different discourses on human nature through analysis and differentiation in thinkings, and what they have affected the forming and development of cultural values. Through this study's explanation and discussion, we hoped to present the intrinsic qualities of the two different cultural values of traditional China and modem West, as well as a variety of problems that confront our current society.

並列關鍵字

Human Nature ； Innate Humanity ； Aquired Humanity ； Cultural Values ； Traditional Chinese Confucianism ； West's Rational Culture in Modern Times