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埤塘溼地歷史變遷管理數位模式之探討

A Digital Modeling for Best Management Practice at Pondscape Scales in Taoyuan

摘要


桃園臺地的埤塘,是數百年來臺灣人文和自然環境交織而成的特殊景觀,就臺灣歷史文化的發展來說,具有特殊的人文意義,同時也凸顯了先民在這片土地奮鬥發展的歷程。以自然生態來說,埠塘營造出了水生的環境,可以提供生物棲息的空間。本文探討因為桃園臺地土地利用之變遷,導致埤塘改變的歷史因素,並以數化地理因數分析灌溉系統及都市化過程造成埠塘快速消失的成因。都市化導致複雜有機城市結構之橫向發展,並且造成城鄉地域的池景和農地面積的衰減。本研究探討該地區土地使用在不同年期所造成不同之消失速率,並以上個世紀1926年到1960年,以及1960年到1999年埠塘的消失、不變及增加,進行池景地域改變的土地利用政策分析。研究發現因為傳統灌溉方式的式微,造成池塘的利用程度日益減少,並逐漸由灌溉系統取代。空間變化發現早期(1926年到1960年)桃園北部池塘消失快速,晚期(1960年到1999年)南部埤塘消失快速,兩者都和當時桃園大圳和石門大圳通水有關,文中將進行埤塘消失原因探討,並且預測未來埤塘消失的速率,因受到面積及周長因數的限制而產生變化。最後,本文運用邏輯斯分析,提出預測模型及管理模式策略,以為埤塘管理數位模式分析之依據。

關鍵字

數字管理 埤塘 歷史變遷 桃園

並列摘要


This paper examines historical trends in land use transformation taking place in the farm-pond areas of Taoyuan Tableland, Taiwan. It demonstrates that irrigation system and urbanization are the key factors undermining and catalyzing changes in pondscape. Therefore, land transactions increased overall transformation of land use in the entire areas. Unregulated urbanization has given rise to complex organic urban structures which predominantly expanding horizontally. The emerging land use pattern indicates a mismatch with the widely pondscapes and farmlands. Land use changes over two time periods, 1926 to 1960 and 1960 to1999, were analyzed to demonstrate how enforcing land-use policies can influence the direction and magnitude of pondscape change. First, adoption of a grand canal irrigation system has resulted in the internal restructuring of agricultural land use from traditional farm-pond irrigation to more diversified water sources, such as the sources from ditch, canal, or reservoirs. Spatial dependency of pondscape changes could be identified between the northern irrigation system (Taoyuan Main Canal) from 1926 to 1960; and the southern irrigation system (Shihmen Main Canal) from 1960 to 1999, later. The relationship between pond area and pond loss was calculated, illustrated, and discussed. A statistical model was designed to examine how area-per-se effects of farm ponds have driven their loss in Taoyuan Tableland.

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