以沉默的螺旋理論談#MeToo的系統暴力現象

性侵害被害人早年被性侵的遭遇，常是一生當中最沈重的傷痛。2017年全球反性騷、反性侵的「#MeToo」運動，以網路平台作為傳播媒介，其運動全球化在世界各國造成的衝擊與回應，無疑是歷史新頁。「#MeToo」的階級化特徵，多數施暴者往往在不平等的權勢結構裡，擁有較高的權力地位。筆者自實務工作中發現，性侵害被害人除了承受性創傷之外，社會的歧視眼光及社會譴責，所挾帶的被排擠與被孤立，才是令被害人選擇沈默的最大因素。筆者以國內為主要探討對象，透過瞭解國內性侵害案件的嚴重程度，及被害人所承受之巨大壓力；並以鄰近的日本與韓國作為比較視角，來探討「#MeToo」運動的系統暴力現象，瞭解在伴隨著「沉默的螺旋」理論，各自的螺旋是如何以「增勢」或「沉默」的不同姿態來呈現。同時可知，社會案件在新聞的產製中，如何受到文化框架的影響，及新聞媒體如何地影響閱聽人的「意見氣候」。此外，在「沉默的螺旋」效應中還有一些不願妥協、不怕被孤立的中堅份子，仍不斷地嘗試啟動「沉默的螺旋」效應，期待藉由網路無遠弗屆的力量，增加多元意見的交流，提供被害人在追求公義上，取回主流意見的地位。而司法為人民伸張正義之公器必須審時度勢，打造一個可以安心報案的社會環境。

關鍵字

性侵害； #MeToo ；沉默的螺旋理論；中堅份子

並列摘要

Victims of sexual assault in their early years are often the most painful experiences in their lives. In 2017, the global「#MeToo」movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault took the Internet platform as the media. The impact and response caused by the globalization of its movement in various countries in the world is undoubtedly a new page in history. The class characteristics of sexual assault incidents show that the majority of abusers tend to have higher power status in the unequal power structure. The author found from practical work, the victims in addition to bear sexual trauma, social discrimination and victim blaming, by being excluded and isolated, is the victim to choose silence the biggest factor. The author takes the domestic as the main object of discussion, through understanding the severity of sexual assault cases, and the huge pressure suffered by the victims; With neighboring Japan and South Korea as a comparison, to discuss the systematic violence phenomenon of #MeToo movement, and understands how the spiral theory accompanied by silence manifests itself in different positions of increase or silence. At the same time, we can know how social cases are affected by the cultural framework in the production of news, and how the news media influences the opinion climate of the audience. In the silence of the spiral effect and some not willing to compromise and is not afraid of isolated hardcore, continue to try to start the spiral of silence effect, it is expected to increase the exchange of diverse opinions through the power of Internet communication, providing victims with the status of mainstream opinions in the pursuit of justice. And the judicature for the people to uphold justice of the public instrument must consider the situation, to create a safe report of the social environment.

並列關鍵字

sexual assault ； #MeToo ； spiral of silence theory ； hardcore

參考文獻

Groth, A. N., Burgess, A. W., & Holmstrom, L. L. (1977). Rape: power, anger, and sexuality. The American journal of psychiatry. Retrieved from https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.134.11.1239.

內政部（2019）。戶籍人口統計速報人口統計資料：內政部戶政司全球資訊網。取自https://www.ris.gov.tw/346。