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天主教藝術的在地形式之研究:以屏東萬金聖母聖殿為例

The Localized Form Study of Catholic Arts: Illustrated with Wanchin Basilica of Pingtung

摘要


萬金聖母聖殿坐落於屏東縣萬巒鄉,為臺灣現存最古老的天主教堂。由於全村近80%以上信奉天主教,成為全臺教友密度最高的堂區;村民成為神父、修士或修女的比例也居全臺之冠。更因1984年獲羅馬教宗若望保祿二世敕封為「聖母聖殿」而備受矚目。教堂自1863年迄今,經多次重建外觀仍維持原狀,宛若一座中世紀西班牙城堡;門楣上鑲嵌書寫「奉旨」敕令與「天主堂」石碑,係清朝同治年間擔任福建船政提督的沈葆楨奏請朝廷所賜;堂內展示的聖人雕像、聖物以及由福建名匠雕鑿之中西合璧的「聖母轎」等,都是目前保存的百年珍藏。天主教藝術向來被視為西方藝術創作的重要根源,主要體現在教堂的建築風格、聖像雕刻、聖物或樂曲儀式等方面。從十六世紀末開始計劃向東方傳播,天主教的傳教過程雖歷經不同的時代與地點,卻總是不斷地上演「在地化」的戲碼。事實上,為了消弭異族文化隔閡,取得在地居民的認同,天主教藝術的在地化始終是傳教的基本原則。天主教在傳教的過程中,使東西文化產生激化與質變;當研究中國天主教的傳教史,逐漸成為人們關注的「顯學」時,臺灣天主教自身的發展卻甚少人關注;如此重要的文化現象長期為人所忽略,文獻、古蹟、耆老也漸漸逸失,導致相關的學術研究也相對薄弱。故本文擬以臺灣早期天主教堂─萬金聖母聖殿的研究,發現作為西方最強勢宗教的本土化過程及其藝術的在地形式。

並列摘要


Wanchin Basilica is located at Wan-luen Village of Pingtung County, and it is the oldest existing Catholic church in Taiwan. Since nearly 80% of the village residents are believers of Catholicism, it has become the parish with the highest density of catholic parishioners in Taiwan. Besides, it is also the village with the highest proportion of residents to have become father, priest, or num. Furthermore, since it was decreed with Imperial Order by Pope St. Paul II of Rome as Basilica in 1984, it has received tremendous attention. The church has gone through several appearance re-construction to maintain its original outlook much in resemblance to a medieval Spanish castle. On its threshold, it is inscribed with the decree of "Imperial Order" and "Catholic Church" stone plaque, which was awarded to it as the Fujian Vessel Viceroy Shen Bao Jen requested to the court of Emperor Tung Chi. Within the hall, we can find it is demonstrated with statue of Holy Figure, Holy sacraments and "Holy Mother Sedan", which is of hundred-year treasure as currently preserved. Catholic art has always been considered as the important origin for western artistic creation, and it was well realized in the architectural style, sculpturing of holy statue, holy sacrament, and ritual of musical tunes. From the end of 16th century, the process of gospel preaching of Catholicism has gone through various stages and locations; however, the repertoire of "localization" has been staged constantly. As a matter of fact, it has always been the fundamental principle of catholic art for its gospel preaching in order to eliminate cultural barrier of different races and obtain the recognition of local residents. The missionary work of Catholicism caused Eastern and the Western culture is changed. When Studies the Chinese Catholicism's history, becomes the" Famous doctrine" which the people pay attention. However, the few people care about the Taiwan Catholicism's development, The important cultural phenomenon is neglected for a long time, the literature, the historical site, the old people also gradually vanish, the scholarly research is also weak. This article will make use of the study on Wanchin Basilica - early Catholic church in Taiwan - to appreciate the localization process of the most predominant religion from the west and the localized form of its arts.

參考文獻


古偉瀛(1998)。十九世紀臺灣天主教(1859-1895)─策略及發展。國立臺灣大學歷史學報。22,94。
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萬金聖母聖殿網站。2012 年 3 月 30 日取自 http://www.catholic.org.tw/bankin/bankim/history.htm
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