《春秋繁露》陰陽思想之轉向－以《周易》經傳系統為參考座標

The Transformation of the Yin-Yang Thought in Chunqiu fanlu: A Discussion Based upon a Comparison with the Zhou Yi

蔡智力(CAI, Zhi-li)

《新亞學報》 35卷 (2018/08) Pp. 303-342

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201808_35.0007

摘要

本文試圖在《周易》的對比下，觀察《春秋繁露》對於陰陽思想的轉向。在漢代基本定型的《周易》經傳系統，積澱了先秦陰陽思想的重要成果。在它的參照下觀察作為漢代陰陽思想重鎮的《春秋繁露》，對於考察陰陽思想在兩漢之際的動向，當有重要的意義。對於陰陽的二元對立關係，《周易》與《春秋繁露》均兼備「中和」與「主陽」兩個面向。《周易》雖有「主陽」一面，但更側重於「陰陽中和」，並以此為基礎展開對「萬物化生」宇宙目的論與「陰陽合德」工夫論的探討。而至董仲舒《春秋繁露》，其理論重心便轉向「主陽」，甚至發展出「陽尊陰卑」的理論，並將它應用到現實倫理政治之中，試圖實現其限制君權與尚德棄刑等政治目的。

關鍵字

《春秋繁露》 ； 董仲舒 ； 《周易》 ； 陰陽

並列摘要

This article aims to explore the transformation of the yin-yang 陰陽 thought in Dong Zhongshu's Chunqiu fanlu, based on a comparison with the Zhou Yi. As an integrated system which was by and large finalized in the Han dynasty, the latter is considered to have assimilated the important achievements of the yin-yang thought of the pre-Qin period. Chunqiu fanlu is an important text of this period. Studying it with reference to the Zhou Yi is therefore significant for observing the development of the yin-yang thought of the Han dynasty. Both Chunqiu fanlu and the Zhou Yi adopt a dual perspective regarding the binary opposition between the yin and yang, advocating the yin-yang moderation on the one hand, and giving great prominence to the yang on the other. Specifically, however, while the Zhou Yi gives priority to the yang, it stresses even more the moderation between the yin and yang. On such a foundation, it then develops the cosmological teleology of the transformation of myriad objects and beings and explores the method of self-cultivation of integrating the yin and yang. On the contrary, Dong's Chunqiu fanlu turns its theoretical focus onto the yang, to the point of developing a theory that esteems the yang and denigrates the yin, with which it sets out to attempt the goal of restricting the power of the monarchy and accentuating morality over penalty in governance.

並列關鍵字

Yi ； Chunqiu fanlu ； Dong Zhongshu ； yin-yang