《詩經》的量化研究：發掘興體詩的隱藏節奏

本研究以量化分析重新探勘《詩經》的語言風格，作為《詩經》興體詩的實驗性釋讀基礎。分析文本採用阮本《毛詩正義》全數經文及其章句分段，作為釋讀方法的參照母本。興體通常由兩組詩句並排而成，詩句之間意義關聯模糊。第一組「起句」多引景物，第二組「應句」多題人事。以《毛詩正義》而言，毛公所傳經文，獨標「興也」於起應之間；除卻《毛傳》，難辨興體。為了確立句組的意義關聯，歷史注釋常倚賴類比、因果、時序等途徑進行宏觀的解說。近代始有人注意押韻、句法、套語、虛詞、疊音等構成的微觀結構。興體的判準歷來眾說紛紜，卻一直被奉為中國文學抒情傳統的核心。本研究即以數位工具進行量化分析，單就全本經文內部產生的數據，捕捉選詞用字的節奏型式，重新描述興體詩的語言特徵。

關鍵字

數位人文；計量分析；節奏分析；詩經；興體

並列摘要

This present work seeks to shed a new light on the language style of the Book of Odes (Shījīng 詩經) from a quantitative perspective. For reading poems written with the so-called incentive process (xīng 興), this work is based on the Mao version (Máoshī 毛詩) as a reference corpus and adopted his sentence segmentation. Almost all the poems written with the incentive process are composed of two couplets: the first, called initiative lines (qǐjù 起句), evokes an affective image; and the second, called envoi lines (yìngjù 應句), expresses one's feeling. Nevertheless, the semantic correlation between two couplets is often ambiguous. In the Mao version, the use of the incentive process is marked with two Chinese characters xīng yě 興也 where one couplet ends and the following begins. Without this mark, it is difficult to recognize this literary form. To interpret the semantic correlation between these lines in macrostructure, traditional commentaries proceed by analogical comparison, causal reasoning, or arrangement of events in sequence. Some recent studies suggest focusing on the microstructure of the incentive process, for example, rhyme schemes, syntactical relations, reiterated formulas, or alternation between function words and content words. The criteria for identifying the incentive process is problematic since his first appearance in the history of Chinese literary theory. However, this process has been considered as the archetypal form in Chinese lyric tradition for a long period. Based on the internal textual data retrieved from the corpus, this work discovers by combinatorial analysis all underlying patterns in all verses and determines representatives patterns as rhythmic patterns according to the frequency of occurrence. Finally, by linking defined rhythmic patterns between lines, this work re-describes stylistic devices of poems written with the incentive process.

並列關鍵字

digital humanities ； quantitative analysis ； rhythmic analysis ； Book of Odes(Shījīng 詩經) ； incentive process(xīng 興)

參考文獻

Martin, F. (1990). L’énumération dans la théorie littéraire de la Chine des Tang. Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident, 12, 37-66. doi:10.3406/oroc.1990.955

漢．毛亨注，漢．鄭玄箋，唐．孔穎達疏，李學勤主編（2001a）。毛詩正義．小雅。臺北：臺灣古籍出版社。