所知障是無明或無知？在東亞唯識學與印－藏中觀學之間（下）

Is Obstruction of Knowledge Misconception or Not-knowing? From the Perspectives of East Asian Vijñānavāda and Indo-Tibetan Mādhyamika (Part II)

劉宇光(Lawrence Y. K. Lau)

《法鼓佛學學報》 9期 (2011/12) Pp. 53-82

https://doi.org/10.6889/DDJBS.201112_(9).0002

摘要

本文是在與印－藏中觀學對比的視野下，探討東亞唯識學所知障（jñeyāvaraṇa）體性何屬的問題，這是筆者東亞唯識學所知障研究的完結篇。體性何屬是指：（a）所知障染、非染孰是？（b）若為污染，是哪一個意義下的污染，與無明和不染無知之間是什麼關係。（c）所知障體性與大、小乘佛教宗教願景的差別之間的關係。討論的線索是沿着相似但不相同的一對概念展開，即梵文的無明（avidyā）和無知（ajñāna），並伸延及不染無明（akliṣṭaavidyā）和不染無知（akliṣṭa-ajñāna），乃至其藏文翻譯。正文由兩部份組成，本文為第二部份「印－藏中觀學的不染無明」。沿着中期印度中觀到藏傳教派中觀的脈絡，以印－藏中觀學「不染無明」和唯識學「不染無知」兩個梵文概念，及其各自的藏文譯詞為線索，探討東亞唯識學與印－藏中觀學對所知障體性染、非染孰是的不同判斷。但對比的重點只在辨别出兩者在所知障體性問題上的判斷分歧，並依此深化對唯識學所知障的理解。由四節組成：六、月稱《入中論》藏譯本及早期格魯派中觀師的態度，七、《宗義寶鬘》，八、印－藏中觀學的不染無明，九、第一世嘉木樣的疑惑。

關鍵字

所知障 ； 無明 ； 無知 ； 不染無明 ； 不染無知

並列摘要

This article is a study of the nature of ＂obstruction of knowledge＂ (jñeyāvaraṇa) as presented in East-Asian Vijñānavāda and in Indo-Tibetan Mādhyamika. It is the second and conclusive part of my research on this topic and it aims at answering the following questions: (a) Is jñeyāvaraṇa afflicted or non-afflicted? (b) If it is afflicted, in what sense is it afflicted, and how is it related to misconception (avidyā) and non-afflicted not-knowing (akliṣṭa-ajñāna)? (c) How is the problem of the nature of jñeyāvaraṇa related to the distinctive agendas of Hināyāna and Mahāyāna Buddhism? This study compares and contrasts the following two pairs of key concepts: firstly, avidyā and ajñāna, and, secondly, akliṣṭa-avidyā and akliṣṭa-ajñāna, as presented in Sanskrit and Tibetan sources. The article is divided into two parts. Part one addresss the issue of akliṣṭa-avidyā in the East-Asian traditions, part two in the Indo-Tibetan Mādhyamika tradition. I will also compare akliṣṭaavidyā to the concept of akliṣṭa-ajñāna in the Vijñāptivada, in order to discuss the debate between East Asian Vijñāptivāda and Indo-Tibetan Mādhyamika on whether the essence of jñeyāvaraṇa is contaminated or uncontaminated. The present article includes four sections: (6) the Tibetan translation of Candrakīrti's Madhyamakāvatāra and bhāṣya, and the interpretation of early Gelukpa Mādhyamika scholars; (7) the Grub mtha' rin po che'i phreng po; (8) akliṣṭa-avidyā in Indo-Tibetan Mādhyamika; (9) 'Jam dbyangs bzhad pa ngag dbang brtson 'grus's doubting.

並列關鍵字

jñeyāvaraṇa ； avidyā ； ajñāna ； akliṣṭa-avidyā ； akliṣṭa-ajñāna

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