中國佛教寺廟志數位典藏系統之建置

佛教於東漢時始傳入中國本土，歷經兩千多年的發展，已經成為中華文化中不可或缺的一部分。於此長達千年的時間內，佛教歷經多次的興衰與各分支宗派的開展與合流，期間所出現的高僧大德、於各地所建立的佛寺塔院與相關的佛教活動，可說是不可勝數。對於如此豐富的文化活動，官方正史的記載並不夠詳實，導致研究者多半仍需借助佛教典籍中紀錄來還原當時的真實情形。於16世紀至20世紀之間，由於佛法的興盛加上大量居士的護持，促使私版藏經的刊刻成為一件可實現的理想。在此一條件的協助之下，產生了大量佛教寺廟史志型態的書籍，也就是一般通稱的佛寺志。佛寺志的內容有別於一般的論述性文體，而是將各地蒐集相關於該佛寺的相關著作，統整編輯而成的合集作品。雖然這些佛寺志並非原創作品，但反而更能代表各時代關於該佛寺的文獻史料紀錄，也因此佛寺志反而成為研究晚期中國佛教發展的重要參考資料來源。而這些巨量的佛寺志書籍，於近代匯集成兩部叢書，分別是於1980－1985年間由杜潔祥主編之《中國佛寺史志彙刊》，此部叢書共有110冊，前後共分三輯，由台北明文書局與丹青圖書發行。而另一部是：2005年由張智主編，杭州廣陵書社出版的《中國佛寺志叢刊》，內容共130冊。為使此兩部具有高度宗教與歷史研究價值之典籍能廣泛為世人所知與利用，並達到永久典藏之目的，於西元2007年，法鼓佛教學院圖書資訊館啟動「中國佛教寺廟志數位典藏」的專案計畫。專案的主要目的，就是要將此兩部叢書的內容，進行高品質之全文數位化處理，並藉由數位媒體的便利性，公開為世人所用。本文之目的即以為介紹專案數位化之過程、處理方式、介面之功能與未來可能的應用與發展。讓相關人士於使用此一數位典藏內容時，更能清楚其各方向的面貌，或於其他數位專案能吸取本專案之經驗，作為開發時之參考。

關鍵字

中國佛寺志叢刊；中國佛寺史志彙刊；數位典藏；文本標記； TEI

並列摘要

Buddhism was introduced to mainland China in the Eastern Han Dynasty (東漢), 206 BC - 220 AD. After two thousand years of development, it has become an integral part of Chinese culture. The long history of Buddhism in China has witnessed the activities and travels of a large number of eminent monks, the building of an enormous amount of magnificent temples and the undertaking of uncountable large scale enterprises of various sorts. Unfortunately, such rich cultural activities were not documented in full detail in official historical writings. Most researchers still need to resort to the Buddhist texts themselves in order to be able to restore the actual historical situation at any given time, albeit with a certain degree of approximation due to the complex and at times problematic nature of the sources in question. Between the 16th and the 20th centuries, with the modern rise of Buddhism and the increased availability of the support of large numbers of believers, compiling and publishing Buddhist scriptures becomes an achievable dream. Thus, a large number of Chronicles recording the history of local Buddhist temples comes into being under such circumstances. Gazetteers are a distinct genre of Chinese historiography. Instead of a single descriptive work of a region, city or temple, these gazetteers are usually compilations including a variety of texts from different authors, which makes them especially representative historical documents and records about the temples in each era of modern China. As a result, the Buddhist gazetteers become an important source of reference for studying the late developments of Chinese Buddhism. These exceedingly large amounts of gazetteers were assembled into two series of books in the course of the 20th century: the Zhongguo Fosi Shizhi Huikan (中國佛寺史志彙刊), in 110 volumes, compiled by Du Jiexiang (杜潔祥) in 1980-1985, and the Zhongguo fosizhi congkan (中國佛寺志彙刊), in 130 volumes, compiled by Zhang Zhi and others (張智等) in 2006. In order (a) to make these religious and historical primary sources that were included in these two book series widely known and used, and (b) to achieve the purpose of their permanent preservation, from year 2007, the Library and Information Center at Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan, started the ＂Digital Archive of Chinese Buddhist Temple Gazetteers＂ project. The main goal of the project is to create a high-quality digital full-text archive of these two book series and to make them freely available to the public with the help of digital media. The project has been running for 5 years and now bears its fruitful results. In this paper, we briefly describe the digitization process behind the creation of this archive, the main web interface and future possible developments and applications of the project. We believe that this overview will provide to be very helpful to users who want to have a clear and complete picture of this digital archive. Besides, other digital projects will also benefit from our experience in building their own archives.