經濟弱勢少年從事部分工時工作對未來導向的影響

The Effects of Part-time Employment on Future Orientation among Economically Disadvantaged Adolescents

劉燕萍(Yen-Ping Liu) ； 陳毓文(Yu-Wen Chen)

《財務社會工作與貧窮研究學刊》 2卷1期 (2019/04) Pp. 87-128

摘要

經濟弱勢少年從事部分工時工作的比例逐年增加，而賺取學校與生活上所需的花費以及家庭經濟需求為其從事部分工時工作的主要原因。家庭經濟的弱勢情境對於少年的未來導向有重要的影響，因為他們較少有時間來規劃未來，也無法在教育上投入太多心力，也有人很早便需要因應家庭經濟困境而扮演成年人的角色。過去的研究顯示，工作軌跡觀點能夠反映出工作的動態特質，以展現工作經驗對於經濟弱勢少年的影響，本研究遂以此觀點為基礎，運用「台灣貧窮兒少資料庫」於2009年至2013年的三波資料，藉以檢視少年時期部分工時工作經驗對成年初始期時個人未來導向的影響。研究結果顯示：（一）未來導向對少年的影響，是展現在成年初始期開始工作者，早期工作並無助於少年未來導向的建立。（二）自14－15歲即持續工作的少年，其生涯計劃程度顯著高於從未工作者；（三）對16－18歲的少年而言，從事部分工時工作的少年，其生涯自我效能以及生涯計劃程度皆顯著高於從未工作者。（四）家庭支持對於成年初始期的未來導向扮演重要的影響因素。本研究建議關注少年就業議題者應該要注意，對於經濟弱勢少年而言，太早進入職場不見得有助於其未來導向的發展；在服務提供層面上，應同時重視他們的就學與就業權益，並應透過勞動政策、家庭支持及資產累積服務等各方面來提供整合性的協助，以滿足這群少年的需求。

關鍵字

經濟弱勢少年 ； 未來導向 ； 部分工時工作 ； 工作軌跡 ； 資產累積

並列摘要

Most economically-disadvantaged adolescents have to work part-time while in school. The main reason for this situation is to fulfill the economic needs of their families as well as expenses for education. Family economic hardship significantly impacts future orientation among economically disadvantaged adolescents since childhood adultification happens frequently among them. They seldom have time to fully engage at schoolwork or make plan for their future. This study applied work trajectory approach in a longitudinal data to explore the effects of part-time work on future orientation among economically disadvantaged adolescents. Taiwan Database of Children and Youth in Poverty: Taiwan Panel Study of Children and Youth (TPSCY, 2009-2013), were used to examine the research hypotheses. The sample size in this study is 639. Findings indicated that: (1) Compared to the work experience in adolescence, the work experience in emerging adulthood was more likely to benefit the development of future orientation. (2) Those who had been working since early adolescence (14-15 years old) had higher levels of career plans than those who had never worked. (3) Those who had been working since middle adolescence (16-18 years old) both had higher levels of career efficacy and career plan than those who had never worked. According to these findings, we should especially pay attention to the economically disadvantaged adolescents who have to do part-time jobs during school-year. Recommendations are made for service providers and policy makers to advocate for these adolescents, with a special emphasis on their rights of education and employment; to help them receiving adequate youth employment services, family supports, and the assets-based program should be extended down to children to prevent them from entering into the work force in early adolescence.

並列關鍵字

economically- disadvantaged adolescents ； future orientation ； part-time work ； work trajectory ； assets-based program